BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 581 



aiice." Pyle further says: "Dr. Billings lias made many successful experi- 

 ments in connection with this disease. He has succeeded in causing- death in 

 susceptible animals by feeding corn-stalk leaves and tops of corn supposed to 

 be diseased with the ' bacterial disease of corn ' which Dr. Burrill has so 

 completely described. From animals thus destroyed Dr. Billings obtained 

 pure cultures of the * corn-stalk disease.' With these cultures he destroyed 

 susceptible animals by inoculation." 



CORYZA. 



Hajek found in the secretions of acute nasal catarrh a large diplococcus, 

 called by him " Diplococcus coryzae," and probably identical with the diplo- 

 coccus previously obtained by Klebs from the same source. This was most 

 abundant during the early stage of the disease, when the secretion from the 

 nasal mucous membrane was thin and abundant ; later various other micro- 

 organisms were encountered in greater numbers, and among them Fried- 

 lander's bacillus. There is no satisfactory evidence that the diplococcus of 

 Hajek or any other known bacteria are directly concerned in the etiology of 

 this affection. To what extent chronic nasal catarrh is due to the action of 

 microorganisms is also uncertain, but it appears probable that they play an 

 important part in maintaining such inflammations ; and in ozaena the offen- 

 sive odor of the nasal secretions is no doubt due to the presence of certain 

 bacteria, whatever may be the relation of these to the morbid process which 

 gives rise to the chronic discharge. (See Bacillus foetidus ozsena? of Hajek.) 



CYSTITIS. 



The extensive researches which have been made during the past 

 few years show that the presence of bacteria in the healthy bladder 

 does not induce cystitis, but that when the mucous membrane is in- 

 jured by mechanical violence, or by the presence of a foreign body, 

 cystitis is likely to result from the introduction of bacteria, and that 

 the Bacillus coli communis is most frequently concerned in the de- 

 velopment of chronic inflammation of the bladder. 



In the extended researches of Rovsing thirty cases of cystitis 

 the following results were obtained : In one case diagnosed as cysti- 

 tis no bacteria were found ; in three cases culture experiments gave a 

 negative result, but the tubercle bacillus was found in the urine by 

 microscopical examination in these cases the urine was strongly 

 acid; in twenty-six cases the urine was ammoniacal, and in all of 

 these bacteria were found usually but a single species. All of these 

 grew in the usual culture media except the tubercle bacillus, which 

 in two cases was associated with some other species, and all pro- 

 duced alkaline fermentation in sterile urine when added to it in 

 pure cultures. The following species were found: Tubercle bacil- 

 lus, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus, Streptococcus pyogenes urese (n. 

 sp.), Diplococcus pyogenes urese (n. sp.), .Coccobacillus pyogenes 

 ureaa (n. sp.), Micrococcus pyogenes ureae flavus (n. sp.), Diplococ- 

 cus urea3 trifoliatus (n. sp.), Streptococcus urese rugosus (n. sp.), 

 Diplococcus urea3 (n. sp.), Coccobacteria urese (n. sp.). 



