BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 585 



"8. A micrococcus which I could identify with the micrococcus of spu- 

 tum septicaemia, i.e., the pneumococcus, in spite of numerous experiments 

 on animals, I have as yet failed to find. At best we can only speak of a va- 

 riety of the pneumococcus. 



"9. The action of the pulp cocci is greatly increased by putrefactive proc- 

 esses. A putrid pulp, whether bacteria may be obtained from it in pure 

 cultures or not, is always a dangerous infectious material. 



' ' 10. Putrid decomposition of the tooth pulp is caused by various bacteria, 

 and the putrid products are not always the same. In addition to gaseous 

 products (NHs, SH 2 ) there are various other substances, the nature of which 

 has not been determined." 



DIARRHOEA. 



In the green diarrhoea of infants Lesage obtained a bacillus (No. 106) 

 which he supposed to be the cause of the malady. His bacillus is probably 

 identical with Bacillus fluorescens non-liquefaciens. Vogler (1893) obtained 

 from a diarrhceal stool a vibrio different from that of cholera, and which 

 was not pathogenic for guinea-pigs. We have referred to the researches of 

 Booker and of Jeffries under the heading "Cholera Iiifantum." Bajinsky 

 (1894) agrees with Fliigge in believing that the toxins produced by bacteria 

 are the usual cause of summer diarrhoea in children, a view in which we 

 fully concur. But there is no reason to suppose that any particular micro- 

 organism of this class has a specific role in the etiology of affections of this 

 class. Probably bacilli of the colon group and of the prpteus group are more 

 frequently than any others responsible for gastro-intestinal troubles in chil- 

 dren. They are very widely distributed and multiply with great rapidity 

 under favorable temperature conditions in milk or other articles of liquid 

 food. 



- DIARRHCEA (INFECTIOUS) IN CALVES. 



Jensen (1892) has investigated a fatal infectious disease of calves, charac- 

 terized by diarrhoea, etc., and concludes that it is due to a bacillus which cor- 

 responds with Bacillus coli communis in all respects, except in its increased 

 virulence. In the contents of the intestine of calves which have recently 

 succumbed to the malady, the bacillus is found almost in pure culture ; also 

 in the inflamed mucous membrane, in the hyperaemic mesenteric glands, and 

 in the blood and various organs. 



Calves fed with a culture of this bacillus invariably died within two or three 

 clays, and the bacilli were found in almost pure culture in the contents of the 

 intestine, and in great numbers in the blood and organs. The subcutaneous 

 injection of four cubic centimetres of a bouillon culture caused fatal septi- 

 caemia. 



DIPHTHERIA. 



The Klebs-Loffler bacillus (No. 47) is now generally recognized as 

 the specific infectious agent in diphtheria. 



DIPHTHERIA IN CALVES. 

 Due to Loffler's Bacillus diphtheriae vitulorum (No. 50). 



DIPHTHERIA IN PIGEONS. 



Due to Lb'ffler's Bacillus diphtheriae columbrarum (No. 49). 

 41 



