BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 595 



INFLUENZA. 



Epidemic influenza (" la grippe") is due to infection by the Bacil- 

 lus of influenza (No. 52). 



INFLUENZA OF HORSES. 



Dieudonne (1892), in an epidemic of influenza among horses, found in the 

 nasal secretions of infected animals a micrococcus resembling that of crqup- 

 ous pneumonia in man. He did not succeed in cultivating this micrococcus 

 in nutrient gelatin. Schutz (1888) had previously cultivated a streptococcus 

 from the lymphatic glands of horses suffering from epidemic influenza (Druse 

 des Pferdes) which he believes to be the specific infectious agent in this dis- 

 ease (see Streptococcus coryzaa contagiosse equorum, No. 33). 



INSECTS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF. 



The infectious disease of bees known as "foul brood" is due to Bacillus 

 alvei (No. 14). Pebrine, an infectious disease of silkworms, is due to in- 

 fection by " Nosema bombycis" (No. 25). Another infectious disease of silk- 

 worms (la flacherie) is believed by Bechamp to be due to infection by Strepto- 

 coccus bombycis (No. 24). v. Tubeuf (1892) has obtained from infected 

 caterpillars of Liparis monacha a motile bacillus Bacillus monachae (No. 

 178). An infectious disease of the "chinch bug" (Blissus leucopterus) is be- 

 lieved to be due to Micrococcus insectorum (No. 177). 



KERATITIS. 



Bach (1895) as the result of his investigations arrives at the con- 

 clusion that Ulcus corn 86 serpens is due to invasion of the cornea by 

 microorganisms, and that such invasion is almost always secondary 

 to a traumatism, with loss of substance. The most common infec- 

 tious agents are the pyogenic staphylococci and Streptococcus pyo- 

 genes, but certain other bacteria are occasionally concerned in the 

 localized infectious process. The researches of Gasparrini, Bassi 

 (1893), Cuenod (1895), and others indicate that the "diplococcus 

 pneumonia" is not infrequently concerned in the etiology of puru- 

 lent keratitis, and this is confirmed by the researches of Uhthoff 

 (1895). The last-named author investigated 50 cases of purulent 

 keratitis in man with the following result : 35 were cases of typical 

 ulcus corna3 ; 2 of hypopyonkeratitis, not of a serpiginous character ; 

 3 of keratoma lacia; and 4 of panophthalmia following corneal infec- 

 tion. In 24 cases of typical ulcus cornse serpens the diplococcus of 

 pneumonia was found alone, also in 2 cases of panophthalmia ; in 7 

 cases the pneumonia coccus was found in association with other 

 microorganisms 4 of these were cases of ulcus cornaB serpens; in 

 13 cases, 4 of which were typical ulcus cornse, the pneumonia coccus 

 was not found, but staphylococci or other bacteria were present ; in 

 3 cases of keratomalacia streptococci were found. Loeb (1891) ob- 



