BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 603 



ported in 1881 that he had always found in oza3na a microbe sur- 

 rounded by a capsule and not staining by Gram's method. He now 

 says that this microbe corresponds with Friedlander's bacillus in 

 form and staining reactions, but differs from it in other particulars 

 as follows : It shows a very scanty development in milk and causes 

 no perceptible change in this medium. Friedlander's bacillus, on the 

 other hand, coagulates milk and its growth is often attended with an 

 evolution of gas. The two bacilli also give rise to different odors. 

 The bacillus of Friedlander gives off from gelatin and bouillon cul- 

 tures an odor of trimethylamine and old gelatin plates give off the 

 odor of old cheese. Cultures of the bacillus of ozaBna, on the con- 

 trary, give off an agreeable odor. The offensive odor characteristic 

 of oza3na is never given off from cultures of this bacillus. Loewen- 

 berg concludes from his investigations that the microbe of ozsena is 

 specifically distinct from the bacillus of Friendlander and that it 

 bears an etiological relation to this disease. 



PANARITIUM. 



According- to Saint-Sevrin (1894) panaritium (Panaris des pecheurs) is 

 very common among the fisherman of the island of Newfoundland and of 

 the North Sea. His researches lead him to conclude that it is due to infection 

 by a micrococcus which produces a red pigment (microbe rouge de la sardine) 

 in association with an anaerobic bacillus. The coccus is from 0.5 to 0.6 /* in 

 diameter and is usually seen in pairs ; it liquefies gelatin and produces a 

 carmine-red pigment. 



It is probable that the common pus cocci are usually concerned in the 

 etiology of "felons." In a case reported by Huber Staphylococcus pyogenes 

 albus was obtained in pure culture from the pus of a panaritium and also in 

 blood obtained from a finger of the opposite hand. Bernheim obtained the 

 colon bacillus from the pus of a panaritium developed in the course of an 

 attack of typhoid fever. 



PAROTITIS. 



No demonstration of a specific microorganism in mumps has been made, 

 but in non-specific, suppurative parotitis one or other of the pyogenic micro- 

 cocci appears to be the cause of the inflammation and pus formation. In 

 parotitis occurring as a complication of pneumonia Micrococcus pneumonias 

 crouposse has been found as the only microorganism in pus from the inflamed 

 gland (Testi, Duplay). Letzerich in 1895 made a preliminary communication 

 in which he claimed to have discovered microorganisms in the blood of 

 patients with mumps. These he describes as "large, round spores;" no 

 bacilli were found. 



In a fatal case of typhoid fever in which a suppurative inflammation of 

 the parotid gland was found, Janowski (1895) obtained a pure culture of Ba- 

 cillus typhi abdominalis from the pus of the parotid abscess. 



PEMPHIGUS. 



Demme (1886) has cultivated a diplococcus from a case of acute pemphi- 

 gus which possibly is related to this disease (see Micrococcus of Demme, No. 

 27, page 331). The same coccus was found by Dahnhardt in a similar case. 



