INTRODUCTION. l^ 



Drawing may represent the object with various 

 degrees of fidelity. At one extreme is the diagram 

 (see fig. i), which only aims to give the relative posi- 

 tions or sizes of the several parts, or some other feat- 

 ure. At the other extreme the drawing is as close a 

 counterpart of the object seen as the person who draws 

 it is capable of producing (see fig. 3). Whether a par- 

 ticular object shall be drawn in one way or the other, 

 or in some intermediate way, must be determined 

 by the nature of the object and the end to be attained 

 by the study. 



The usual tendency is to make drawings too small ; 

 they should be large enough to show all parts dis- 

 tinctly without close scrutiny. 



Drawings may usually be satisfactorily made in out- 

 line, or with very little shading, as in fig. 4 or 6. They 

 are most easily drawn with a soft pencil on heavy, 

 unsized and slightly calendered paper, producing the 

 effect in fig. 3 or 10, but are not permanent ; rubbing 

 readily defaces them, unless treated to a fine spray of 

 colorless shellac dissolved in alcohol, which may be 

 applied with an atomizer, such as is used for perfumery. 

 Ink drawings are to be preferred fortheirdurability and 

 distinctness. When ink is used, the main features of the 

 drawing should first be lightly sketched with a hard 

 pencil, and the pencil marks erased after the ink is dry. 



Drawings in gross anatomy should be the exact size 

 of the object, or some multiple of it. Record the 

 amount of linear enlargement by a number placed 

 at one side of the drawing with an oblique cross 

 prefixed. 



In the directions for laboratory work in gross 



