IJ4 SCOTCH PINE. 



higher branch on the second circle at the radius 

 with which its pin now most nearly coincides. Mark 

 the third and fourth in the same way. Leaving 

 the lowest pin in place, move the pin next lowest to 

 the next higher unmarked branch, and mark its 

 position. Repeat this until all the circles are 

 filled, numbering each branch from the lowest up. 

 Studying this diagram determine 

 i. The arithmetical difference between the numbers 

 of the branches which lie on the same radius, 

 ii. The ^number of turns made by a spiral line 

 joining successive branches, i, 2, 3, 4, etc., 

 until it reaches a branch over the first, 

 iii. Find a fraction which will express the part of 

 a circle intervening between any two suc- 

 cessive branches. 



iv. Note that the numerator of this fraction ex- 

 presses the number of turns made by the spiral 

 line, and the denominator the number of ranks 

 in which the leaves stand. 



4. The buds. Notice 



a. Their position and relative size. 



b. Their shape. 



c. Their structure. Study 



i. The scales. Carefully strip them from the bud 

 with needles. Note particularly the character 

 of the edges and the differences between the 

 apical and basal portions. After removing the 

 brown apical portion, the green basal parts 

 will be seen closely investing 



ii. The axis. Bisect longitudinally the portion 

 of the bud remaining. Observe in the center 

 the whitish stem or axis, tapering gradually 



