PINUS SYL VESTRIS. 137 



6. The dwarf shoots. Carefully break one from the stem, 

 and note 



a. The scales (scale leaves) enwrapping it and the 

 bases of the needle leaves. If possible compare 

 these scales on young and old dwarf shoots. 



It. The length. 



c. The very small rudimentary terminal bud between 

 the leaves. This is best seen on the dwarf shoots 

 from young vigorous trees. It is minute or 

 absent on others. 



C. THE LEAVES. 



1. The scale leaves. These have already been studied as 

 they occur on the dwarf shoots (B. 6. a.) and in the bud 

 (B. 4. c. i.). Compare the scales of the stem with those of 

 a young bud and notice the loss of the deciduous apex. 



2. The needle leaves. Note 



The number on each dwarf branch. 

 The shape and apex ; also the shape of the trans- 

 verse section. Draw a leaf. 



c. The color. Compare old and young leaves if 

 possible. 



d. The texture ; firmest near the apex, softer near 

 the base, due to basal growth. These points 

 are especially noticeable in young leaves. 



e. The edges. Draw the finger from the apex toward 

 the base. Examine with a lens. 



/. The surface. Observe 



i. That it is faintly whitened (glaucous) by a 

 powder which can be removed by drawing the 

 leaf through the fingers ; best seen on the 

 flat side. 



