140 SCOTCH PINE. 



vi. Draw a scale showing all these points. 



c. Difference in the size of bracts and scales in differ- 

 ent parts of the same cluster. 



d. Position of the cluster ; replacing one of the 

 main branches. 



Examine a year-old cone. Bisect it vertically, and note 



e. The central tapering axis. 



f. The cut edges of the scales and bracts. Observe 

 the relative thickness of the scales at their proxi- 

 mal and distal ends. 



g. The ovules appearing in section at the base of the 

 scales. 



h. Whether the scales are free from each other or 

 adherent. 



/. Draw the cut surface. 



Dissect out a scale with its ovules. Notice the many scales 

 with abortive ovules. Bisect a well developed ovule care- 

 fully, through the micropyle. Note 



j. The diminished size of the micropyle. 



k. The single integument. 



I. That portion inclosed by the integument, the 

 nucellus. 



m. Nearest the base of the nucellus (the end nearest 

 the micropyle being considered the apex) a large 

 cavity, the embryo-sac, partially or wholly filled 

 with a soft substance, the endosperm. 



. Draw the cut surface of the ovule. 



E. THE FRUIT (CONES). Examining a mature cone, 

 notice 



1. The large carpellary scales, making the bulk of the cone. 

 Observe their color, above and below, consistence, shape 

 and markings at the free ends. 



2. In an open cone, or by cutting away the basal third of 



