PIN US S YL VESTRIS. 1 4 1 



a closed cone, the smaller bracts subtending the carpel- 

 lary scales. 



Closely applied to the superior surface of the carpellary 

 scales, a pair of thin wing-like scales, each bearing at its 

 proximal end a perfect seed or an abortive oi'ule. 



The seed. Note 



a. The shape, surface and markings. 



b. At the pointed end notice the minute opening, the 

 micropyle. 



c. The structure. Bisect the seed longitudinally par- 

 allel with the flatter faces, and in the halves make 

 out 



The firm coat. 



The inclosed portion consisting of two parts : 

 (i) the young plantlet, embryo, lying in the 

 axis ; (2) the food for the plantlet, endosperm.* 



iii. Note the position of the embryo with respect 



to the micropyle. 

 Take another seed and with needles dissect off 



iv. The coat. Notice that it has differentiated 

 into two layers. Compare the two as to 

 color, thickness and strength. 



Dissect the endosperm carefully from the embryo. In the 

 latter make out 



v. The short stem, caulicle. 



vi. The six divisions arising from about the apex 

 of the caulicle, the first leaves, cotyledons. 



vii. A minute elevation in the midst of the coty- 

 ledons, at the apex of the caulicle, the rudi- 

 mentary terminal bud, plumule. (Not easily 

 seen.) 



6 The endosperm has therefore entirely displaced jthe nucellus originally 

 surrounding it. (See D. 2. /. and m.) 



