THE SENSES. 



559 



elevation and the ring being formed of close-set simple papillae (Fig. 

 370). 



(2.) Fungiform. The fungiform papillae (3, Fig. 369) are scattered 

 chiefly over the sides and tip, and sparingly over the middle of the dor- 

 sum, of the tongue; their name is derived from their being usually nar- 

 rower at their base than at their summit. They also consist of groups 



FIG. 370. Vertical section of a circumvallate papilla of the calf. 1 and 3, epithelial layers cov- 

 ering it; 2. taste goblets; 4 and 4', duct of serous gland opening out into the pit in which papilla is 

 situated ; 5 and 6, nerves ramifying within the papilla,. (Engelmann.) 



of simple papillae (A. Fig. 371), each of which contains in its interior a 

 loop of capillary blood-vessels (B.), and a nerve fibre. 



(3.) Conical or Filiform. These, which are the most abundant 

 papillae, are scattered over the whole surface of the tongue, but espe- 

 cially over the middle of the dorsum. They vary in shape somewhat, 



FIG. 371. Surface and section of the fungiform papillae. A, the surface of a fungiform papilla, 

 partially denuded of its epithelium; p, secondary papillse ; e, epithelium. B, section of a fungiform 

 papilla with the blood-vessels injected; a, artery; v, vein; c, capillary loops of similar papillee in 

 neighboring structure of the tongue ; d, capillary loops of the secondary papillae; e, epithelium. 

 (From Kolliker, after Todd and Bowman.) 



but for the most part are conical or filiform, and covered by a thick 

 layer of epidermis, which is arranged over them, either in an imbricated 

 manner, or is prolonged from their surface in the form of fine stiff pro- 

 jections, hair-like in appearance, and in some instances in structure also 

 (Fig. 371). From their peculiar structure, it seems likely that these 

 papillae have a mechanical function, or one allied to that of touch rather 



