752 APPENDIX. 



QUANTITY OF WATEK IN 1000 PARTS. 



Teeth, 100 



Bones, .... 130 



Cartilage, .... 550 



Muscles, . . . 750 

 Ligament, . . . .768 



Brain, .... 789 



Blood, .... 795 



Synovia, .... 805 



Bile, 880 



Milk, .... 887 



Pancreatic juice, . . . 900 



Urine, . . . . 936 



Lymph, . . 960 



Gastric juice, . . . 975 



Perspiration, . . . 986 



Saliva, . . . . 995 



Uses of the Water of the Body. The importance of water as 

 a constituent of the animal body may be assumed from the preceding 

 table, and is shown in a still more striking manner by its withdrawal. 

 If any tissue, as muscle, cartilage, or tendon, be subjected to heat suffi- 

 cient to drive off the greater part of its water, all its characteristic physi- 

 cal properties are destroyed; and what was previously soft, elastic, and 

 flexible, becomes hard and brittle, and horny, so as to be scarcely recog- 

 nizable. 



In all the fluids of the body blood, lymph, etc. water acts the part 

 of a general solvent, and by its means alone circulation of nutrient mat- 

 ter is possible . It is the medium also in which all fluid and solid ali- 

 ments are dissolved before absorption, as well as the means by which all, 

 except gaseous, excretory products are removed. All the various processes 

 of secretion, transudation, and nutrition depend of necessity on its pres- 

 ence for their performance. 



Source. The greater part, by far, of the water present in the body 

 is taken into it as such from without, in the food and drink. A small 

 amount, however, is the result of the chemical union of hydrogen 

 with oxygen in the blood and tissues. The total amount taken into 

 the body every day is about 4| Ibs. ; while an uncertain quantity 

 (perhaps to f Ib.) is formed by chemical action within it. (Dai- 

 ton.) 



Loss. The loss of water from the body is intimately connected 

 with excretion from the lungs, skin, and kidneys, and to a less extent, 

 from the alimentary canal. The loss from these various organs may be 

 thus apportioned (quoted by Dalton from various observers). 



From the Alimentary canal (fasces), . . 4 per cent. 



Lungs, 20 " 



Skin (perspiration), . . 30 " 



Kidneys (urine), 46 " 



100 



Sodium and Potassium Chlorides are present in nearly all parts 

 of the body. The former seems to be especially necessary, judging from 

 the instinctive craving for it on the part of animals in whose food it is 



