80 CLASS II. 



red. It has been specially investigated by MILNE EDWARDS, and very 

 beautifully figured in his Observations sur les Alcyons. Ann. des Sc. not. ie 

 Ser. Tom. IV. Zool. pp. 333~ 343- PI- I4> X 5- 



Family V. Pennatulina. Stem free, fleshy, containing inter- 

 nally an axis stony or horny. Polyps naked, aggregated on the 

 common stem, with tentacles pinnate or pennatifid. 



Sea-Feathers (Polypi natantes s. Pennce marince). The opinion, 

 that these polypstocks swim about in the sea, appears to be un- 

 founded. The stem is fixed in the ooze at the bottom of the sea, 

 or the polypary lies on the bottom ; it is only when the waves or 

 the fishermen's nets have broken the Pennatula loose, that it swims 

 free in the water. Comp. W. RAPP Ueber Poly pen u. Actinien 

 s. 8, 34. COSTA in FKORIEP'S neueNotizen, Bd. xxi. Feb. 1842, s. 154. 

 Many species are phosphorescent : Pennatula phosphorea, Pen. 

 grisectj Pen. rubra (P. granulosa LAM.), Veretillum cynomorium from 

 the Mediterranean and Pen. argentea from the Indian sea. 



The genus Encrinus, placed by LAMARCK amongst the sea-feathers, 

 belongs to the Echinoderms, and is, as ELLIS long ago remarked, a 

 species of star-fish with a stem. Nat. Hist of Corall. 



A. Shaft pinnated in scales at the upper part, pinnse polypiferous. 



Pennatula L. (exclusive of species). Shaft fleshy, at the lower 

 part naked, at the upper pinnate, axis stony. Pinnae two-ranked, 

 patent, plicate, dentate on the upper margin. 



Sp. Pennatula, grisea L., Pennatula spinosa LAM., ALBINI Annot. Acad. Lib. 

 I. Tab. vi. figs, i, i, BOHADSCH De quibusd. animcdib. mar. Tab. IX. 

 figs, i 3, ESPER Pflanzenth. Pennat. Tab. I. Pen. rubra L., Pen. granu- 

 losa LAM., ALBIN. 1. 1. figs. 3, 4, ESPER Pflanzenth. Pennat. Tab. H. both 

 from the Mediterranean. 



Virgularia LAM. Shaft elongate, slender, naked below, pin- 

 nated above, with sub-stony axis. Pinnae small, unarmed. 



Sp. Virgularia mirabilis, Pennat. mirdbilis MUELL. (not L.) Zool. Danic. 

 Tab. XI. Cuv. R. Ani. edit, ttlustr., Zoophyt. PI. xci. fig. i. 



B. Shaft simple, with polypiferous warts or papillse at the upper part. 



Funiculina LAM. (Pavonaria and Scirparia Cuv.) Shaft elon- 

 gate, filiform, with axis horny or sub-stony. Polyps arranged in 

 series, secund or alternate. 



