180 CLASS v. 



Icon. Helm. Tab. xiu. f. 10, 1 1 ; LEUCKART, 1. 1. Tab. n. fig. 27, (in the abdomi- 

 nal cavity (not in, but on the outside of the intestinal canal) in Gasterosteus. 

 In water-fowls this worm changes its form and is then named Bothrioceph. 

 nodosus: [its joints and genital organs become gradually developed in the 

 intestinal canal of its new host, which had swallowed and digested the 

 gasterosteus. See VON SIEBOLD, Band u. Blasen-wilrmer, s. 40.] 



Sub-gen. TricenopJiorus HUD. Joints sub-indistinct ; head bila- 

 biate, armed on both sides with two tricuspid hooks (jpiatva, tridens). 

 See figures in LEUCK. 1. 1. Tab. n. f. 34 36, BEEMSER Icon. Helm. 

 Tab. xii. f.4 16. 



Note. Genus Scolex MUELL. appears to be founded on imperfect 

 species of Bothriocephali. The body is depressed, continuous as 

 in Ligula. The head supplied with four fossettes. It is found in 

 marine fishes, especially of the genus Pleuronectes. 



Tcenia L. (exclusive of many species). Body elongate, de- 

 pressed, articulate. Head with four suctorial oscules, and mostly 

 with a rostellum median, imperforate, retractile, armed most fre- 

 quently with a coronet of booklets, especially in the young state. 



Sp. Tcenia solium L. (in part), BREMSEB, Ueb. leb. Wiirm. Tab. in. f. r 14, 

 GUEB., Iconogr., Zooph. PI. 12, f. 2, Der Kurbiswurm, der Kettenwurm, 

 Ver solitaire, le Tcenia a longs anneaux. It is a mistake, that in the same 

 person only one worm of this species is invariably to be met with, as the 

 French name ver solitaire indicates. This species lives in the small 

 intestine, and is in Holland, Germany, and England, the ordinary and 

 perhaps the only species of this family which occurs in the human body. 

 Only very few cases are known where a person had both a Tcenia solium 

 and a BoihriocepJialus lotus 1 . These two tape-worms are distinguished not 

 by the head alone, but also by the greater or less breadth of the body. In 

 Tcenia, solium the middlemost joints are longer than they are broad ; 

 in Bothriocephalus lotus the joints throughout the entire body have more 

 breadth than length, and in the middle of each joint are two apertures of 

 which the anterior is the larger and more readily perceptible ; from it the 

 penis occasionally hangs everted ; in Tcenia solium the apertures are at the 

 edge of the joints and alternate irregularly, i. e. they are situated sometimes 

 on the left, sometimes on the right side, without determinate order of 

 succession (foramina marginalia vag& aUerna). Since these worms are 

 often rejected in fragments alone, the knowledge of these characters is for 

 the Physician not without interest. 



1 A case of this kind, the only one known to him, is given by KUDOLPHI Grundriss 

 der Physiol. u. 2, s. 239, and another by W. VROLIK, Bijdragen tot de natuurk. 

 Wetensch. in. 1828. Boelcbeschouwing, bl. 292. 



