266 CLASS vm. 



Different appendages belong to the common oviduct, or to the 

 vagina. Of these one is more constant than the rest, and opens into 

 the common oviduct, close to the uppermost part, where this is 

 formed from the union of the two tubes. Previous to copulation it 

 is empty, but after that act is filled with a white fluid which is the 

 seed, as microscopic investigation has demonstrated beyond doubt, 

 from the presence of the hair-like spermatozoa in motion. This part, 

 generally single, may therefore be called receptaculum seminis. 

 Frequently it has an appendage (glandula appendicularis] . In 

 many insects there is another vesicle present which, during copula- 

 tion, receives the penis (bursa copulatrix,poclie,c,opulatrice AUDOUIN), 

 and which in the cockchafer is a large bladder beneath the oviduct. 

 In the Butterflies this organ opens externally, and not into the ovi- 

 duct, so that there are two sexual orifices, whilst a canal leads from 

 the bursa copulatrix to the oviduct, and conducts the seed into the 

 receptaculum seminis situated above. There are other vesicles, or 

 glands, generally in pairs and situated more behind for the purpose 

 of covering the eggs with an adhesive fluid. In the Butterflies 

 these are seen as two pyriform vesicles laid transversely with their 

 broad bases opposed, which at the other end pass into a very long, 

 contorted, blind canal. In a few Insects still other secretory organs 

 have been observed, which probably secrete a peculiar odorous 

 matter to attract the male 1 . 



On the borer (terebra) in the Cicada, see Do YE 1 RE in Ann. des Sc. nat. 2e Se'rie, vn. 

 Zoologie, pp. 193 199, PI. 8, the middle bristle (le poincon DOYERE) works like 

 a wedge. 



1 It is difficult to be brief on a subject which has reference to such an important 

 difference of organisation, and which, on account of the various views of observers, 

 possesses an historical interest. MALPIGHI (de Bombyce) long ago recognised the 

 vesicula copulatrix as the organ which receives the penis and gave it the name of 

 uterus; often the penis or a part of it is broken off, and remains here after copulation. 

 The penis is figured in this part in Sphinx ligustri from a preparation by HUNTER in 

 the Catalogue of the Physiological Series of the Museum of the College of Surgeons, 

 Vol. V. London, 1840, PI. 67, fig. 8. It was with fluid from this vesicle that HUNTEB 

 impregnated artificially the eggs of other butterflies. Phil. Trans. 1792, p. 175 (in 

 Bombyx mori) ; an experiment already devised by MALPIGHI, but attempted without 

 success. SPALLANZANI, before HUNTER had effected the artificial impregnation of the 

 eggs of the silkworm, but with the seed taken directly from the male butterfly, so that 

 his experiment does not belong to our present subject (Experiences pour servir a I'ffist. 

 de la Gener. Geneve, 1785, 8. p. 223). AUDOUIN has the honour of having been the 

 first in our century to direct attention to this subject, whilst previously all these 



