INSECTA. 289 



contrary pass through the order of the Parasites to the Arachnids. 

 The Arachnids again conduct us by another road (through the 

 genus Scorpio to Limulus) to the Crustaceans. Thus is the entire 

 animal kingdom a net everywhere connected, and every attempt to 

 arrange animals in a single ascending series must necessarily fail of 

 success. 



The oral organs consist in most of two mandibles, which are 

 toothed at their broad extremity, and of a four-lobed underlip whose 

 two lateral lobes represent the two lower jaws (maxillce). In some 

 the second pair of feet forms, by coalescence of their basal pieces, 

 a sort of second underlip, which covers the oral organs and the first 

 pair of feet from beneath. In certain species the jaws and the lip 

 are represented by pointed organs which coalesce to form a sucker ; 

 but by far the greater number are manducating insects. Myriapods 

 in the first period of their life have fewer rings and only three 

 pairs of feet ; as they grow new rings arise and the number of feet 

 is augmented. In this respect also they resemble the ringed- worms, 

 whilst in the metamorphosis of Insects the homologous parts, rings, 

 segments, are not multiplied, but are developed unequally or are 

 united, to form the different divisions of the body in the perfect 

 Insect. The number also of simple eyes increases during the 

 development of myriapods. 



These Insects live in obscure places, under the bark of trees and 

 on the ground under fallen leaves, stones, &c. 



Comp. on this order amongst others : LEACH, A tabular View of the ex- 

 ternal Characters of four Classes of Animals which LINNB arranged under 

 Insecta, Transact, of the Linn. Soc. xi. 1815, p. 306, &c. (pp. 376 386) ; 

 P. GERVAIS, Etudes pour servir a I'NisL nat. des Myriapodes, Ann. des Sc. 

 nat. sec. SeVie, Tom. vu. 1837 ; Zool., pp. 35 60; also, 36 Sdrie, Tom. n. 

 1844, Zool., pp. 51 80; J. F. BRANDT, RecueiL de Memoires relatifs a 

 Vordre des Insectes Myriapodes (extrait du Bulletin publiee par V A cad. des 

 Sc. de St. Petersbourg, Tom. v. IX.) 1841, 8vo ; A. F. WAGA, Observations 

 sur les Myriapodes, Revue zool. publiee par GUERIN, Mars 1839, pp. 76 90; 

 G. NEWPORT, List ofMyriapoda in the British Museum, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 

 xin. 1844, pp. 94 101, pp. -263 -270; C. L. KOCH, System der Myria- 

 poden, .Regensburg, 1847, 8vo min. 



Family I. Julidce. (Cliilognatha LATE.) Anterior feet not 

 anged into organs of manducation ; rest of the feet in most of the 

 gments bigemmal, slender, short, of the two sides approximate, 

 serted nearly at the middle of the abdomen. Antennae short, 

 iform, with six or seven joints. Organs of copulation situated at 

 e anterior part of the body. 



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