302 CLASS VIII. 



(Mem. pour servir ct VHist. cTIns. vii. p. 69). J. F. HEKMANX 

 changed this name, which had already been given to a genus of 

 plants, to Nirmus 1 ; NITZSCH, who adopted this name for a sub- 

 genus alone, named these animals Mallophaga, from juaAAo's^eece, 

 since they live on hair, on scales of the epidermis and feathers, and 

 not on blood. In birds there are no lice of the former family 

 known all the bird-lice belong to the Mallophaga. In some are 

 found small, moveable, oblong organs in front of the antennae, like 

 a second pair of imperfect antennae, which NITZSCH names trabe- 

 culce. The eyes are often difficult to distinguish : in some they are 

 entirely wanting. 



A. Antennae filiform. Maxillary palps none, labial very short, 

 biarticulate. 



Philopterus NITZSCH. Antennae quinquearticulate. Claws of 

 tarsi two. 



Sp. Philopterm baculus NITZSCH, REDI op. cit. Tab. 11. figura superior, 

 LYONET op. cit. p. 41, pi. 5, fig. 10, GUELT Magaz. f. d. ges. Thierheilk. 

 VIII. Tab. IV. fig. 9, on Pigeons. All the species of this genus live upon 

 birds. Here belong the sub-genera Goniodes, Lipeurus, Nirmus and Doco- 

 phorus of NITZSCH, together with Goniocotes BUEM. and Ornithobius DENNY. 



Tricliodectes NITZSCH. Antennae triarticulate. Tarsi with a 

 single claw. 



The species of this genus live only on Mammalia. Sp. Trichod. latns 

 NITZSCH, Ricinus canis DE GEEK, Ins. vn. Tab. iv. fig. 16, GUELT op. cit. 

 ix. Taf. I. fig. i. 



B. Antennae clavate (four joints). Maxillary palps conspicuous. 



Liotheum NiZTSCH. Tarsi biunguiculate. Labial palps biar- 

 ticulate, short. 



The species of this genus keep to birds, often of the same species on 

 which Philopteri also live 2 . Here belong the sub-genera Colpocephalum, Me- 

 nopon (Menopon and Nitzschia DENNY), Trinotum, Eureum, Lcemobothrium, 

 Physostomum of NITZSCH. These insects move more quickly and creep 

 more nimbly beneath the feathers than the Philopteri. Sp. Liotheum sub- 

 cequale NITZSCH, LYONNET 1. 1. PI. 4, fig. 5, on crows, &c. 



1 Memoire Apterologique, 1804, p. 12. 



2 Five different species of Mallophaga occur on fowls. Such names, therefore, as 

 Pediculus gallince may readily introduce confusion. 



