INSECTA. 339 



Sp. Stratiomys chamceleon FABR., MEIG., Musca chamcdeon L., RCESEL Ins. 

 ii. Muscar. et Culic. Tab. v. PANZER Deutschl. Ins. Heft 8, No. 24, 7 lines 

 long ; the scutelluin, the feet and under surface of the abdomen yellow, the 

 upper surface of the abdomen black, with three yellow transverse stripes 

 interrupted in the middle, and yellow point. Here are to be referred the 

 observations and descriptions of SWAMMERDAM, Hist. not. Ins. 1669, 

 p. 151, Tab. iv. (under the name of Tabamis), and Bifid der Nat. pp. 

 649 694, Tab. 39 (under the name of Asilus). The larva is elongate, 

 pointed at both extremities, with a star-shaped ring of more than twenty 

 feathered filaments at the end ; it moves very slowly on the surface of the 

 water. 



Family XIII. Nemocera or Tipularice. Antennae filiform or 

 setaceous, with numerous joints, mostly fourteen or sixteen, never 

 fewer than six. Head small, globose, with large eyes. Proboscis 

 exsert, in some short, terminated by two large labia, in some pro- 

 duced into a rostrum. Palps two, external, inserted at the base of 

 he proboscis, filiform or setaceous. 



Thorax large, gibbous. Wings oblong. Poisers naked, with 

 nconspicuous squamae. Abdomen elongate, composed mostly of 

 line joints. 



Feet long, slender. Pupa incomplete (nympha). 



Thread-antennate, Gnat-like. Many, especially the smaller species, 

 fly iri great troops dancing through the air. The females lay their 

 eggs on the water, some on plants, or on the ground. The larvae are 

 long and vermiform ; their body has twelve rings, besides the clearly 

 distinct horny head. The head is provided with man ducat ing oral 

 organs (mandibles and maxillce). The stigmata are in number and 

 position various. These larvae constantly cast their skin before 

 changing to pupae. In the pupa the parts of the insect may be 

 clearly recognised. Almost always these pupae lie uncovered in the 

 water or under the ground j only in some are they enclosed in a 

 case or web (Sciara, Mycetophila). Many of these pupae are pro- 

 vided with spines or horns, by means of which, about the time of 

 the last changing, they are able to work to the surface of the earth. 



This family consists of the Linnaean genera Tipula and Culex. 

 If the genus of the flies of LINJLEUS, the Athericera of the moderns, 

 with short antennae and tun-shaped pupae, be considered to be the 

 proper type of the two-winged insects, then the insects before us 

 deviate the most from that type, and make the transition to other 

 orders, to some Neuroptera (Phryganea) and Lepidoptera (Pterophorus, 



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