414 CLASS VIII. 



lined with the web. Most species drag the case with them, but 

 others fasten it to stones and creep in and out. These cases protect 

 the larvse from the persecution of fishes, which are very fond of 

 them ; in England, where fishing with the line is brought to a much 

 greater state of perfection than perhaps anywhere else, these larvre 

 are much used for bait. The larvse feed on vegetable as well as 

 animal substances. Most of them have white threads at the abdo- 

 men, external respiratory organs, gills (see above pp. 262, 263). 



The larvse, when about to change into pupae, fix these cases firmly 

 and close the openings with crossing threads, that thus form a latticed 

 cover. The pupae, at first immoveable, quit this dwelling when 

 about to change into perfect insects j it swells and bursts in order 

 to allow the perfect insect an exit. This last is generally brown- 

 coloured, and resembles a nocturnal butterfly. On an evening, at 

 country-houses, it is frequently allured by the light into apartments, 

 and flies round the lamp or candle until, its wings half-consumed, it 

 falls down with violence on the table. The eggs are joined together to 

 form a gelatinous mass, and are deposited by the female on leaves of 

 branches which hang over the water, so that the young larvae on 

 creeping out may easily fall into their natural abode, if the leaf by 

 falling previously has not already reached the water. 



See on the economy of these Insects especially REAUMUR, Mem. Tom. H. 

 pp. 497 581, and, on the arrangement, besides RAMBUB and WESTWOOD, 

 also especially BUBMEISTEE, Handb. der Entomol. n. 2, 1839, pp. 882 935. 



Phryganea L. (exclusive of the Perlce GEOFFR.) 



A. Antennae filiform or pectinate. 



Hydroptila DALMAN. Maxillary palps with five joints. Wings 

 narrow ; posterior not plicate. 



Sub-genus : Narycia STEPHENS. With antennae pectinate. 



B. Antennae setaceous. 



t Maxillary palps with five joints. 

 Chimarra LEACH. Posterior wings not plicate. 



Mystacida, LATR. Leptocerus LEACH. Posterior wings plicate. 

 Maxillary palps long, pilose. Antennae very long. 



Sp. Phryganea nigra L., DE GEEB, n. PI. 15, figs. 21 23, &c. 

 Add sub-genera Odontocerus LEACH, Setodcs RAMBUR, &c. 



Hydropsche PICTET. 



