438 CLASS vin. 





of the head 2" 6'" long). According to MEEIAN this insect at night-time 

 diffuses a clear light ; which, however, is denied by later writers. As 

 little, according to BOWRING (Ann. of not. Hist. XIV. p. 427), is the Chinese 

 species, Fulgora candelaria L., phosphorescent. In Europe, especially in 

 the southern parts, Fulgora Europcea L., Pseudophana europcea, is met 

 with. See a fig. in PANZER, Deutschl. Ins. Heft 20, Tab. 1 6, and Natur- 

 forscker, rx. Tab. II. 



B. Cicadce stridulantes (Cicadce manniferce). Males furnished 

 with a musical organ at the base of abdomen on each side. 

 Antennae with seven joints. Ocelli three. Tarsi in some (genus 

 Tibicen LATH.) biarticulate. 



Cicada OLIV. (species from genus Cicada L., Cicadce manni- 

 ferce), Tettigonia FABR. 



Cicadce. These insects are found in warm countries alone, hi 

 woody districts especially. The females, when about to lay their 

 eggs, perforate the branches by means of two serrated horny plates, 

 enclosed between two jointed waives and supported at the back by a 

 grooved horny part, formed of two pieces which have coalesced 1 . 

 The larvae on leaving the egg quit the place, and betake themselves 

 underground, where they suck the roots. Here too they change 

 into nymphs. 



The ancients made much of these animals and considered them to 

 be favourites of the Muses, whilst living on dew at the top of high 

 trees they heralded the approach of summer with their clear song, 

 and resembling the gods, as is sung in an Anacreontic ode, had like 

 them no blood in their bodies 2 . 



The musical organ of the male is situated on each side at the base 

 of the abdomen and covered by a valve. A horny, triangular 

 partition corresponding to the entothorax, separates the two lateral 

 cavities. Each of these, when vie wed from the ventral aspect, presents 

 in front a white folded membrane, but down at the bottom, a stretched, 

 thin and transparent lamina, which REAUMUR calls le miroir, the 

 looking-glass (Mem. v. PI. 17, figs. 1, 2, 3, 6 m). If the part be 

 opened from the dorsal surface, another folded membrane is seen, the 



1 REAUMUR, Mem. v. pp. 170 178, PL u, WESTWOOD, Introd. n. p. 424; 

 DOYERE gives a different explanation of the instrument, and thinks that the lateral 

 plates serve for fixing and that the middle piece by pushing penetrates the wood. See 

 Ann. des Sc. nat. sec. SeYie, vn. 1837, Zool. pp. 193 199, PI. 8. 



3 See ARISTOTELES, de Hist. Animal. L. v. c. 24 (Ed. SCHN.) vulgo c. 30. 



