450 CLASS VIII. 



clustered salivary glands'. There are ten pairs of stigmata, two on 

 the thorax and eight 011 the abdomen; the air-tubes are largely 

 developed. In the species of the genus Acridium, which take such 

 long nights, there are vesicular expansions in the abdomen in which 

 the spiral thread is wanting. The nervous system consists of eight 

 to ten ganglia, and the nervous cord in the abdomen is often some- 

 what bent or tortuous. 



Comp. on this order C. STOLL, Natuurklijke afbeeldingen en beschrijvingen 

 der Spoken, wandelende Bladen, Zabelspringhanen enz. Amsterdam 1787, en 

 verv. 2 Deelen 4to. 



AUDINET SERVILLE, Hist. nat. des Insectes. Orthopteres. Paris. 1839, av - 

 PI. 8vo. (a part of the Suites a BUFFON, edited by RORET.) 



For the anatomical peculiarities of this order, comp. LEON DUFOUR, Rech. 

 anatom. et physiol.. sur les Orthopteres, les ffymenopteres, et les Neuropteres. 

 Mem. presenters, VII. 



Besides the general works of BURMEISTER and WESTWOOD, comp. also 

 BRULLE, in the work undertaken by him with AUDOUIN, but not completed, 

 Hist. not. des Insectes, Paris, 1835. 8vo. Tom. ix. pp. i 320, W. DE 

 HAAN, Bijdragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera in the Verhandelingen over 

 de Natuurl. Geschied. der Nederl. overzeesche bezittingen, Leiden, 1839 

 1844, folio. Zoologie, Insecta, bl. 45 248, and L. H. FISCHER, Orthoptera 

 ewropcea. Accedunt tabulce lapidi incisce 18. Lipsise, 1854. 4to. 



Section I. Saltatoria. Posterior feet saltatory, with large 

 thick thighs and tibise, armed on the posterior margin with a 

 double row of spines. (The tibiae are received in a furrow on the 

 inferior surface of thighs, when folded forwards previous to leaping), 



The insects of this division present, more strongly than those o: 

 the following, the typus of the order. 



The production of a sound or song is peculiar to species only o 

 this division 2 . As in the Cicadce, so here it is only the males thai 

 produce the sound. 



Amongst the numerous writers on this subject, it may suffice to refer tx 

 the work of GOREAU, illustrated by many figures ; Essai sur la stridulatiw 

 des Insectes, Annal. de la Soc. Entomol. de France, vi. 1837, pp. 3275. 



1 LEON DUFOUR informs us, incorrectly, that the salivary glands in the Orthopter> 

 were unnoticed until by himself, Mem. pres. VII. p. 297. But long previously, G. B 

 TREVIRANUS had observed these parts in Blatta (Biologie, iv. s. 323, 324), whos 

 opinion, that they occur in this genus of the order alone, was abundantly refuted b 

 J. F. MECKEL, who found them also in Mantis, Phasma, Acheta and Locusta, thoug 

 less developed than in Blatta. System der vergleich. Anat. iv. s. 118, 119. 



2 Hence to the Orthoptera of this first division the name of Stridulantia might t 

 given, to the second that of Muta. 



