INSECTA. 509 



which amongst the Pentamera 1 is surpassed by the Carabici alone. 

 Many large species belong to it, which are armed with knobs, 

 horns and other excrescences on the head or thorax. As the horns 

 amongst the ruminant mammals are often appropriated to the male 

 individuals, so here also these excrescences are mostly wanting in the 

 females, or much less developed. These insects live for the most part 

 on plants, some on decaying parts of vegetables or on animal dung. 

 The larvze live long; some change into nymphs only after three or 

 four years. The intestinal canal of the perfect insect is commonly 

 very long, and the stomach forms the chief part of it, (see above, 

 p. 253). The vessels for secreting urine are long, four in number, 

 and so much convoluted round the intestinal canal that their termi- 

 nation is found with difficulty. In the larvae the stomach is short, 

 wide, and surrounded by three rings of blind appendages, which 

 however are wanting in the larvae of Aphodius, (DE HAAN Nouv. 

 Ann. du Mus. iv. pi. 18, fig. 4). The small intestine is very short, 

 and the large extensive and wide, filling the whole space of the body 

 behind. The air-tubes of the perfect insect form, especially in the 

 abdomen, many larger or smaller vesicular expansions, by which 

 these animals, notwithstanding their size, are often very light, which 

 increases their capacity for flying. 



Compare on the division of this group MAC LEAY Horce entomologicce 

 and BUEMEISTEE Handb. der Entomol. in. pp. 93 1 1 7. 



A. Melitophila. Abdomen longer than head and thorax, with 

 last segment (pygidium) produced beyond the truncated elytra. 

 Ligula connate with mentum. Mandibles membranous internally. 

 Antennas ten-jointed, with club three-leafed. 



Comp. H. GOBY and A. PEECHEEON Monographic des Cetoines et genres 

 voisins, Paris, 1833, 8vo. (with 77 col. pi.), and H. R. SCHAUM Analecta 

 entomologica. Cum tab. aenea. Halis Saxonum, 1841, 8vo. pp. 32 49. 



Cetonia FABR. Elytra on the outer margin sinuate or excised. 

 A little triangular part on each side of thorax before elytra (epime- 

 ron of mesothorax eminent, conspicuous). Mesosternum termi- 

 nating anteriorly in a process "between the base of middle feet. 

 Scutellum distinct, mostly conspicuous, large, triangular, in some 

 covered by a lobe of thorax. 



1 In the third edition of the Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le 

 \Cte. DEJEAN are enumerated nearly 2300 species. 



