INSECTA. 517 



stigmata situated in the membrane between the ventral and dorsal 

 segments, all covered by the elytra. Ligula not distinct from 

 centum. Labram horny, mostly exsert beyond clypeus. Mandi- 

 bles horny. Antennae with ten or eleven joints, club always 

 trifoliate. 



A. Ventral segments of abdomen five. 



Trox FABR. Ligula covered by mentum. Antennae with ten 

 joints. Head small, nutant. Thorax transverse, with anterior 

 ingles produced. Elytra hard, posteriorly involute, inflected, 

 :ugose, often muricate in longitudinal rows. 



Sp. Trox arenarius FABE., Silpha scdbra L., PANZER Deutschl. Ins. Heft 97, 

 Tab. i ; Trox sabulosus L., Scarab, sdbulosus L., STUKM Fauna, Ins. II. 

 Tab. 38. These insects rarely fly. There are species that have no wings, 

 as Trox horridus F., from the Cape of Good Hope ; they form the sub- 

 genus Phoberus MAC L. 



B. Ventral segments of abdomen six. 



Hylosorus MAC L. Ventral segments of abdomen connate, ex- 

 cept the last free. Antennae ten-jointed. 



Sub-genera : PTiceochrous LAP. (Atimus DEJ.), Chcetodus WEST- 

 WOOD, &c. 



Orphnus MAC L. 



Geotrupes LATE. Ventral segments of abdomen free. Antennas 

 vith eleven joints, club perfoliate. Eyes divided by the margin of 

 lead. Mandibles horny, armed at the apex. Ligula bilobed, with 

 aciniae exsert beyond mentum. Body oval. Feet strong, with 

 ibiae spinose. 



Sp. Geotrupes Typhxms, Scarab. Typhceus'L., FABE., VOET Coleopt. i. Tab. xix. 

 figs. 124, 125, PANZER Deutschl. Ins. Heft 2, Tab. 23; black, the male 

 with three horns on the thorax directed forwards. Geotr. stercorarius, 

 L., FABE., PANZEE Deutschl. Ins. Heft 49, Tab. i, STUEM Fauna, Ins. i. 

 Tab. vi. fig. a. Oeotr. vernalis, Scar, vernalis, &c. 



Sub-genera : Bulboceras KIRBY, Odontceus MEGERLE and some 

 others of modern to be inserted here. 



Lethrus SCOPOLI, FABR. Ventral segments of abdomen free, 

 with eleven joints, club obliquely truncated, tunicate, 



