518 CLASS VIII. 



with ninth joint including the two following. Eyes bipartite by 

 the margin of head. Mandibles horny, large, exsert, ending exter- 

 nally in a tooth incurved, obtuse, with internal side serrate towards 

 the base. Thorax very broad. Body ovate, short. Elytra con- 

 nate ; only short rudiments of wings. Posterior feet remote. 



Sp. Lethrus cephalotes FABR., PANZER Deulschl. Ins. Heft 28, Tab. i, 

 DUMERIL Cons. gen. s. 1. Ins. PI. 7, fig. i ; habit, in Austria and south oi 

 Russia. 



F. Coprophaga (ApJiodiidce MAC L., WESTW., and Scardbceida. 

 eorund., Coprides LEACH, ERICHS.). Abdominal stigmata situated 

 in the membrane between ventral and dorsal segments, all covered 

 by elytra. Elytra entirely covering abdomen in some, truncated in 

 others, not concealing the posterior part of pygidium. Ligula 

 separate from mentum. Labrum membranous, covered. Mandibles 

 membranous, ciliated. Antennas with eight or nine joints, clul 

 always trifoliate. 



Copris GEOFFE. Antennae with eight or nine joints. Ventral 

 segments of abdomen connate. Posterior tibias with single spur, 

 Scutellum mostly indistinct or very small. Intermediate feet more 

 remote from each other at their insertion than the rest, sometimes 

 very distant. 



Note. Many species are without anterior tarsi ; in some there is i 

 sexual difference, so that this defect is peculiar to males. Compart 

 BRULLE Ann. des Sc. not. sec. Se'rie, Tom. vm. 1837, Zoolog. pp. 246 

 249. They form balls from dung, roll them very diligently, and havim 

 inclosed an egg in each, hide them underground. 



Ateuchus WEBEE, FABR, Scarabceus MAC L. Posterior fee- 

 elongate, with tibiae slender, tarsi filiform ; last joint of tai-si 1<> 

 than rest. Head not horned, with broad margin and clypeus ofter 

 both dentate. Eyes partly divided by exsert margin of head 01 

 entirely bipartite. 



Sp. Copris sacer, Scarab, sacer L., DUMER. Cons. gen. s. I. Ins. PI. 4, fag. 4 1 

 this species is found in southern Europe and in the north of Africa ; it ma^ I 

 with the Ateuchus ^Egyptiorum LATR., GTUERIN Iconogr., Ins. PI. 21, fig. i I 

 be taken for the sacred beetle which the Egyptians figured on their monu I 

 ments, and imitated in different kinds of stones as ornaments for the dea* I 

 and amulets ; this beetle was by others taken for an emblem of the worlc I 

 on account of the ball which it rolls ( . . . ir\6.<rffi a<f>aipoei.o^ Trap<nr\ri I 

 ffiov T(p icda/uup ffxwa-, HORAPOLL. Hierogl. i. 10). 



