CLASS IX. 

 ARACHNIDS (ARACHNOIDS A) 1 . 



THE Arachnids were counted by LINNAEUS, as was stated above 

 (p. 248) , to belong to the class of insects. They were first separated 

 from these as a distinct class by LAMARCK (1801), who placed all 

 the wingless insects of LINNAEUS, which undergo no transformation 

 and breathe by air-slits, in his class of the Arachnida 2 . To this 

 then the myriapods, spring-tails, and parasites, would also belong, 

 which we have placed amongst the insects (pp. 288 303), and 

 LAMARCK accordingly divides his Arachinida into those which 

 have antennas, and those which are without these parts. It is the 

 last alone, which we, following LATREILLE, refer to this class. 



The class of arachnids, thus limited, is a very well defined and 

 natural division of the animal kingdom. The arachnids are arti- 

 culate animals with articulate feet or legs (see pp. 33, 248) and 

 without antennae. The head is with them joined to the thorax, so 



1 For this class we cite especially the following works : 



ALBIN Spiders. ELEAZAR ALBIN, Natural History of Spiders, illustrated with 53 

 plates. London, 1736, 4to. 



CLERCK Aran. CAROLI CLERCK Aranei Suecici descriptionibus etfiguris ceneis illus- 

 trati. Stockholmiee, 1757, 4to. 



MUELLER Hydrachn. Hydrachnce quas in aquis Danice pahistribus detexit, descripsit, 

 pingi et tabulis XL ceneis incidi curavit O. F. MUELLER. Lipsiae, 1781, 4to. 



HERM. Mem. apt. Memoire apterologique par J. F. HERMANN. Avec 9 PI. enlum. 

 Strasbourg, 1804, fol. 



WALCKEN. Arantid. Histoire naturd des Araneides par C. A. WALCKENAER. 

 Paris et Strasbourg, 1806. (5 parts in I2mo, with col. fig. in the taste of PANZER 

 Deutschl. Ins.) 



SUNDEV. Conspect. C. J. SUNDEVALL Conspectus Arachnidum. Londini Gothorum, 

 1833, 8vo. 



HANN u. KOCH Arachn. C. W. HANN Die' Arachniden, getreu nach der Natur 

 abgebildet u. beschrieben. i, i. 8vo. Niirnberg, 1831 1835 ; C. J. KOCH Die Arach- 

 niden (continuation of H ANN'S work). Niirnberg, 1836 1846. 3 12 vols. 



KocKDeutschland's Arachniden, in HERRICH-SCH^EFFER'S continuation of PANZER'S 

 Deutschl. Ins. (Acari). 



KOCH Uebersicht. C. J. KOCH Uebersicht der Arachniden- Systems. Niirnberg, 1837 

 1847 (4 parts with plates). 



WALCKEN. et GERV. Histoire naturelle des Insectes apteres. 4 vol. Paris, 1837 

 1848. (Suites a BUFFON chez RORET ; the first three parts ; the third is by GERVAIS.) 



3 Sy steme des Animaux sans vert. p. 171. 



