564 CLASS ix. 



The male and female organs of propagation are, with the excep- 

 tion of the Tardigrada, in all arachnids distinct, and not united in the 

 same individual. The ovaries are usually two sacs that are some- 

 times connected in the middle ; the oviduct is constantly an imme- 

 diate continuation of the ovary. In Phalangium the ovary consists 

 of a tortuous, circular tube connected with a wide sac, in which the 

 eggs await for a time their further development. From this sac a 

 second oviduct arises, which running tortuously first backwards 

 then forwards, terminates in the ovipositor. This ovipositor con- 

 sists of horny transverse filaments, bound mutually together by a 

 tough elastic membrane. It can be protruded by muscles through 

 the external sexual opening situated between the hind feet 1 . In 

 the scorpions, the internal female organs of propagation consist of 

 three tubes running longitudinally ; the middle tube is united with 

 the lateral by three transverse branches; the two lateral tubes, 

 moreover, unite with each other in an arch below. They extend 

 farther forwards than the middle tube and thus form two oviducts 

 as their immediate continuation, which open at the external sexual 

 aperture under a valve between the base of the third and fourth 

 pair of feet. Here each of these oviducts, before it terminates, 

 forms a roundish expansion, which may be considered as a recepta- 

 culum semmis 2 . 



The male organs of propagation consist of two blind saccules or 

 two tortuous and blind canals ; in others of two bundles or of a single 

 group of numerous blind saccules or tubules, as in Phalangium. In 

 the scorpions two loops or tortuous strings of a narrow canal, with 

 two transverse canals, are found. The vas deferens also receives the 

 openings of two blind sacs before reaching the external sexual aper- 

 ture, which is in the same situation as that of the female. Here is 



1 TREVIRANUS ibid. s. 47 49, Tab. v. fig. 28, Tab. vi. figs. 32, 35, TULK 1. c. 

 pp. 318 324. PI. v. figs. 26, 27, 28. 



2 V. SIEBOLD (Lehrb. der vergl. Anat. I. s. 548) found in it Spermatozoa in living 

 females. Comp. on the described Ovaria in Scorpio, MUELLER in MECKEL'S Archiv f. 

 Anat. u. Physiol. 1828. s. 54, 55, Tab. n. fig. 16. In the developed state of the ovary, 

 pear-shaped eversions proceed from these tubes of the impregnated female. MUELLER 

 saw these in the form of elongate blind sacs, in the middle excavated like a bean. In 

 this wider part the embryo of the scorpion is contained. I also have met with the 

 ovary of Scorpio reticulatus from Java in the developed state. Scorpions are viviparous, 

 of which mention was made already by the ancients; ARISTOTELES Hist. Anim. v. 

 cap. 25, ^ELIANUS de Animal, nat. Lib. v. cap. 20. 



