PISCES. 97 



various, linguals none. Pseudobranchise none. Swimming-bladder 

 bipartite transversely, conjoined with the labyrinth of ear by inter- 

 position of small bones (as in the Cyprini and Siluroidei). 



Like the preceding genera these also are almost all found in 

 S. America. 



This family was separated from that of the salmons by JOH. 

 MUELLER (MUELLER'S Archiv, 1842, p. 307; JOH. MUELLER und 

 F. H. TROSCHEL, ROTOR Ichthyologicce, Beschreibung und Abbildung 

 neuer Fische, Erstes und ziveites Heft. Berlin, 1845, 4to). Besides 

 the characters already stated it differs from the salmons in having 

 oviducts, which in the latter, where the eggs fall into the cavity of 

 the abdomen, are wanting (see above, p. 38). Not only in the 

 swimming-bladder, but also in external appearance, many species 

 resemble the genus Cyprinus. They have however many blind 

 appendages at the pylorus, which are absent in Cyprinus. 



A. Dorsal Jin single, supported by rays. 



Erythrinus GKONOV. Body oblong, round, covered with large 

 scales. A row of conical, unequal teeth in both jaws. Teeth in 

 palate thin and crowded. Branchiostegous membrane with five 

 rays. Dorsal fin placed over the ventrals. Caudal fin rounded. 



Sp. Erythrinus Gronovii VAL., Synodus erythrinus BLOCH, GRONOV. Mus. 

 Ichth. Tab. vn. fig. 6 ; from Surinam. Also the rest of the species of 

 this genus are from South America, and the name of Esox malabaricus, 

 given by BLOCH to a species of Erythrinus (Ichth. Tab. 392), is founded in 

 error. This species and some others belong to the genus Macrodon MUEL., 

 in which the lower jaw has some very large conical teeth, whilst a row of 

 larger teeth, parallel with the teeth of the upper jaw, is found at the fore 

 part of the palate. In those which are named Erythrini by MUELLER in a 

 proper sense (Erythrinus GRONOV. &c.) the small teeth in the palate stand 

 in two lateral masses, and the teeth of the lower jaw are more similar 

 to each other in size. In these the posterior division of the swimming- 

 bladder is cellular. See H. S. R. JACOBI De vesica aerea Piscium, Itiss. 

 inaug. Berolini, 1840, 4to, pp. 23 25 ; MUELLER Archiv f. Physio? . 1842, 

 pp. 3o739- 



Note. Genera Lebiasina, Pyrrhulina VAL. is this their place? 

 The swimming-bladder is bipartite ; but the absence of oviducts in 

 Lebiasina noticed by the author would suggest the negative. The 

 fishes are unknown to me. Compare CUVIER et YALEXCIEKNES, 

 Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xix. pp. 531537. 



B. Dor sal fins two, the posterior adipose (Char ax GRONOV.) 

 t Gape of month small or moderate. 



VOL. II. * 7 



