PISCES. 167 



second row larger in lower jaw. Teeth acute, thin, in a single row 

 in palate-bones. Teeth in vomer and tongue none. Dorsal fin long, 

 low, anteriorly higher, with only three spines. Scales moderate, 

 covering the body, head, and vertical fins. Caudal fin deeply ex- 

 cised, with lobes acuminate, elongate. 



Sp. Brama JRaji BL., SCHN., WILLUGHB. Hist. Pise. Tab. v. fig. 12, BLOCK 

 Ichth. Tab. 273, Cuv. et VAL. Poiss. vn. PI. 190; the skeleton in ROSEN- 

 THAL Ichthyotom. Taf. xn. fig. i ; the back black, the sides bluish, the belly 

 silver coloured, pectoral and ventral fins yellowish ; the last small. This fish 

 attains a length of i|' 2|' ; it occurs in the Mediterranean and also in the 

 North Sea. The cranium has a high, erect crest, like that of Coryphcena 

 hippwrus L., which on the whole it resembles, although the rest of the 

 skeleton is very different. There are five pyloric appendages ; a swimming- 

 bladder is not present. 



Pempheris Cuv. (spec, of Kurtus BL). Body broad anteriorly 

 with abdomen convex, attenuate posteriorly, covered with large deci- 

 duous scales. Head scaly, short, with eyes very large. Teeth small, 

 thin, crowded in jaws, in palate-bones and vomer. Dorsal fin short, 

 acuminate, towards the fore part placed over the pectoral fins; anal 

 fin long. Lateral line nearer to back, parallel with it. 



Sp. Pempheris mangula Cuv., Pempheris taitensis ejusd. Cuv. et VAL. Poiss. 

 vii. PL 101 (according to BLEEKER Pempheris vanicolensis and Pemph. 

 nesogallica Cuv. ought to be united with it) ; in the Indian and Pacific 

 Oceans, from the island of Mauritius to Otaheite ; Pempheris mexicana, 

 Cuv., GUER. Iconogr., Poiss. PI. -26, fig. 2. To this genus belongs also 

 Kurtus argenteus BL., SCHN. Syst. Ichth. Tab. 41. 



Toxotes* Cuv. Head flat above the very large eyes. Jaws, 

 vomer and palate-bones rough with very small, short, crowded 

 teeth. Lower jaw longer; gape of mouth large. Dorsal fin oppo- 

 site to anal, remote towards the tail, furnished with four strong 

 spines. 



Sp. Toxotes jaculator Cuv., Scicena jaculatrix SCHLOSSEB, Scarus Schlosseri 

 GMEL., LAC., Ldbrus jaculatrix (sic) LACEP., Coins chatareus BUCHAN., 

 Fishes of the Ganges, PI. 14, fig. 34, GUERIN Iconogr., Poiss. PI. 26, fig. 3; 

 in the sea, and in rivers, in the East Indies, at the Sunda Islands, the 

 Moluccan Archipelago and New-Guinea. This fish throws drops of water 

 upon insects that chance to be on water-plants, and thus causes them to 

 fall into the water, in order to overpower them. 



Pimelepterus LAC., Cuv. (Xyster COMMERS.). Scales large, 

 covering body and head. Maxillary teeth of outer row broken at a 

 right angle, sectorial by their anterior vertical portion, affixed by 



