REPTILIA. 243 



Fasc. i. pp. 1 5. These animals form a family belonging to the 

 northern hemisphere, of which different species occur in Europe 

 and in Japan, but which are especially numerous in North America. 

 The larvae live constantly in water, even of those species which, in 

 the adult state, keep on land. The external gills persist until the 

 development of the pulmonal respiration, when with the gill-aper- 

 tures they entirely disappear. In the larvae the fore limbs are 

 developed earlier than the hinder. The animals of this class may 

 be termed small, at least all of them continue far below most of the 

 species of the preceding family. 



Compare J. P. WURFFBAINII Salamandrologia, h. e. Descriptio historico- 

 philologico-philosophico-medica Salamandra^. Norimbergise, 1683; P. A. 

 LATREILLE Hist. nat. des Salamandres de France, amc figs, color. Paris, 

 1800, 8vo; EUSCONI Descrizione anatomica degli organi della circulazione 

 delle larre delle Salamandre aquatiche; fig. Pavia, 1847, 4to; M. B.USCONI 

 Hist., developpement et metamorphose de la Salamandre terrestre. Ouvrage 

 posthume publie par le Doct. Jos. MORGANTI. Av. 6 pi. Pavie, 1854, 4to; 

 and by the same, Amours des Salamandres aquaiiques. Milan, 1821, fol. 

 avec figs. ; C. TH. E. DE SIEBOLD Observationes quadam de Salamandris et 

 Tritonibus. Accedit Tabula cen. Berolini, 1828, 4to; J. L. C. GRAVEN- 

 HORST Reptilia Musei Zoologici Vratislaviensis, I. Lipsise, 1829, fol. pp. 73 

 88, pp. 91 104; TSCHUDI 1. 1. pp. 56 6 r, 9195. 



t With tail compressed throughout or towards the extremity. 



Triton LAURENTI, WAGL., Molge MERR. 



Sp. Salamandra cristata SCHNEID., Lacerta palustris L., BECHST. in LAC. 

 Germ, translat. n. Tab. xix., LATR. Salam. de Fr. PI. in. fig. 3, STURM 

 Deutschl. Fauna, Amphib. Heft 3, TH. BELL History of British Rept. 

 London, 1849, pp. 129 139; skin uneven, warty; this species attains a 

 length of 6", and is the largest water- salamander in Europe ; the upper lip 

 hangs over the margin of the lower jaw ; the male has in summer a mem- 

 branous crest on the back which is divided into slips and is distinct from 

 a similar crest on the tail. SCHLEGEL refers also to this species Triton alpes- 

 tris and carnifex of LAURENTI. Salamandra punctata LATR., Salam. 

 tceniata SCHNEID., BECHST. 1. 1. Tab. xxi., LATR. 1. c. PI. vi. fig. 6, 

 STURM 1. c. Heft 5, BELL 1. c. pp. 143 153; smaller than the preceding, 

 the skin smooth, the membranous crest on the back continuous with that 

 on the tail, &c. 



In the water-salamanders the eggs are impregnated before being 

 laid. The female deposits her eggs on aquatic plants, and folds 

 every leaf to which she has attached an egg in such a way that its 

 under surface is turned inwards, the plait or fold being caused to stick 



162 



