250 CLASS XV. 



quotes them). This species retains the tail very long, and is 

 smaller when adult than before the loss of the tail; hence MERIAN and 

 SEBA fell into the mistake that it undergoes a retrograde metamorphosis 

 into a fish; it is met with in Surinam. 



Rana L. (exclusive of many species). Membrane of tympanum 

 distinct. Anterior feet cloven, posterior palmate. Tongue oblong, 

 posteriorly deeply emarginate, free, exsertile. Two lateral vocal 

 sacs in males, emerging externally in some when distended with 

 air. 



Sp. Rana esculenta L., K(ESEL Hist. Ranar. Tab. 1316, STURM DeutscU. 

 Faun.) Amphib. Heft I., DAUD. Rain., Gren. et Crap. PL 15, fig. i, BELL 

 Hist. Brit. Rept. sec. ed. London, 1849, p. no; the green frog, der gmne 

 Wasserfrosch ; green above, with black spots, under-surface of body whitish ; 

 the vocal sacs in this species become visible externally (see above, p. 221). 

 The croak, very loud and especially by night, is heard at a great distance. 

 This species is very common in Holland, but in England is confined to par- 

 ticular localities. Rana temporaria L., KCESEL 1. 1. TAB. I. vm. STURM 

 1. 1. DAUD. PI. 13, fig. 2, BELL 1. 1. p. 89; the brown frog; yellow-brown 

 or reddish ; a dark brown longitudinal spot behind the eyes, which passes 

 obliquely over the membrane of tympanum and ends in a point backwards. 

 In this species the vocal sacs do not pass out externally. Rana temporaria 

 contains, according to STEENSTRUP, two species, oxyrhinus and platyrhinus. 

 The last is the most common (Bericht der 24^ Versamml. der deutschen 

 Naturforscher, in Kiel.). See also THOMAS Ann. des Sc. nat. 4ieme 

 se'rie, Tom. iv. 1855, p. 365. These animals make only a growling sound, 

 especially when uneasy and in pairing time ; at this time only do they live 

 in water, at other times they keep on land. A very large species of this 

 genus occurs in the East Indies, Rana cutipora DUM. and BIBR., Rana 

 saparuce REINW. M. S., Dactylethra benghalensis I LESSON Illustr. de Zool. 

 PI. 47, and one still larger in North America, Rana mugiens MERR., the 

 Bull-frog of CATESBY. Most of the species of the genus Rana of modern 

 writers are from the eastern hemisphere. 



On some other sub-genera, here omitted, cons. DUMERIL and 

 BIBRON 1. 1. Vol. vm. In habit, and especially in the small and 

 slender fore feet, Leptobrachium TSCHUDI differs from the rest of the 

 Ranee. 



Sp. Rana Hasseltii Mus. L. B. ; head broad, depressed ; back obscurely 

 fuscous, with black spots. Hab. in Java. 



*H* Apices of fingers and toes dilated orbiculately . 



Hyla LAUR., FITZINGER and others, Calamita SCHN., MERR. 



The tree-frogs, Eainettes, Laubfrosche. These frogs live on trees 

 and climb with ease, like the Geckos amongst the Saurians. The 



