AYES. 399 



that which follows next, as though three genera met and were confluent. 

 Sp. Cladorhynchus pectoralis GRAY, Himantopus palmatus GOULD, DUBDS 

 in GUEBIN Magasin de ZooL 1835, Ofo. PL 45 ; hab. in New Holland. 



Recurvirostra L. Bill elongate, slender, ascending. Nostrils 

 narrow, linear, placed in a groove of bill. Feet elongate, slender, 

 palmate, tetradactylous, with hallux raised, very short. Tarsi reti- 

 culate. Wings somewhat long, with first quill longest. Tail short, 

 rounded. 



Sp. Recurvirostra Avocetta L., BUFF. PL enl. 353, LESS. Ornith. PI. 104, fig. 

 i ; the scooping avocet; white, the head and neck black, the wings black 

 and white, the legs bluish or lead-coloured ; this species lives on the sea- 

 coast and on lands flooded by sea- water ; the female lays 2 or 3 dirty-yellow 

 eggs spotted black or brown. Of this genus also some exotic species occur 

 which differ little in size and often also in colour from the European 

 species. Recurvirostra americana LATH., WILS., Tab. 63, fig. 2, from 

 North America, has the head and neck, as also the upper part of the back, 

 reddish or dun-yellow. 



Tringa L. (excl. of species). Bill moderate or a little longer 

 than head, soft, flexile, straight or inflected at the tip, with tip 

 depressed, obtuse. Groove extending from the base of bill almost 

 to the tip. Feet moderate, slender, with tarsi scutellate anteriorly, 

 with toes cloven or outer and middle toes joined at the base by 

 membrane. Hallux resting on its point, or none. Wings long, 

 with first quill longest. Tail even or cuneate, with two middle 

 feathers subproduced. 



A. Toes cloven. 



t Feet tridactylous, hallux none. 



Sub-genus: Calidris ILLIG., TEMM. (Arenaria BECHST.). Bill 

 moderate, straight. 



Sp. Tringa arenaria L. (and Charadrius catidris), BBISS. Ornith. v. PI. 20, 

 fig. 2, NOZEM. en SEPP Nederl. Vogels, m. p. 283, fig. i, (the winter 

 plumage), fig. 2, the summer plumage (Charadrius rubidus GM.), NAUM. 

 Taf. 182; the sanderling, la petite maubeche grise ; except that the hallux is 

 absent, in all respects a true Tringa species. 



t Hallux short, raised. 



Sub-genus : Tringa BRISS., TEMM. Bill moderate (Calidvis Guv., 

 Canutus BRISS., BREHM) or longer than head (Pelidna Cuv.). 



Sp. Tringa canutus L., Tringa islandica GM., NAUM., T. grisea GM., Tringa 

 cinerea GM., TEMM., BUFF. PL enl. 365, 366, NAUM. Taf. 183; the knot, 



