AVES. 409 



Grm PALL., (excl. Psophia ILLIG., species of Ardea L.). Bill 

 moderate or elongate, somewhat thick, straight, compressed, with 

 tip subulate, mandibles subequal. Nostrils pervious, closed pos- 

 teriorly by membrane, placed nearly at the middle of bill in a 

 groove broad, deep, not produced to the tip of bill. Kegion about 

 the base of bill and orbits often unplumed or warty. Feet elongate ; 

 tibiae in great part denuded ; tarsi scutellate anteriorly. Toes short, 

 strong; outer joined at the base by membrane; hallux short, raised, 

 or resting on the point only. Wings moderate, with quills in- 

 creasing from first to third, third longest of all. 



Sp. Grus cinerea BECHST., Ardea grus L., BUFF. PL enl. 769, NAUM. Taf. 

 231, the crane, la grue, der Kranich; dwells during the summer in the 

 high north and in the east of Europe; migrates in large troops, formed 

 into a triangle ; their passage over the Mediterranean sea attracted the 

 notice of the ancients, whose writings often make mention of it; Grus 

 numidica BRISS., Ardea virgo L., BUFF. PL enl. 241, NAUM. Taf. 232; 

 Grus carunculata, Ardea carunculaia LATH., GUER. Iconogr., Ois. PI. 51, 

 fig. 3, GRAY Gen. of Birds, PL CXLVHI. ; Africa. The crowned bird of 

 Africa, Grus pavonina, Ardea pavonina L., EDWARDS Birds, Tab. 192, 

 Dictionn. univ. d'Hist. not., Ois. PL 9, fig. 2, has a much shorter bill than 

 the other species, as also distinguished from this in later times but very 

 similar, Grus regulorum LiCHTENST. 1 from South Africa, BUFF. PL enl. 265. 

 These crested cranes form the genus Balearica of BRISSON and GRAY. 



Psophia L. Bill shorter than head, curved, vaulted. Nostrils 

 placed in the middle of bill in a broad groove, pervious. Feet 

 elongate, with tarsi long, scutellate anteriorly. Hallux resting on 

 point; toes moderate, strong, outer conjoined at the base by mem- 

 brane. Wings short, with first quill short, fourth and fifth subequal, 

 longest of all. Tail very short. 



Sp. Psophia crepitans L., Grus psophia PALL., BUFF. PL enl. 169, PALLAS 

 Spic. ZooL IV. Tab. I ; A. VOSMAER Besckrijving van den AmeriJcaanschen 

 trompetter, Amsterdam, 1768, with a coloured figure, LESS. Ornith. PL 91, 

 fig. i, Cuv., R. Ani., ed. ML, Ois. PL 71, fig. 2 ; the Agami or caracara, 

 from Surinam and other countries of tropical South America. This bird 

 is very tame; it emits a peculiar dull sound, somewhat resembling the 

 cooing of doves, which seems to proceed from an air-sac. They bear some 

 resemblance to the gallinaceous birds, with which BUFFON united them, 

 in the short arched bill and the external appearance. Within the last few 

 years two very similar species, also from S. America, have been made known. 



1 See on both species Proceed, of the ZooL Society, Part I. 1833, p. 118, the report 

 of the secretary (E. T. BENNETT). 



