494 CLASS xvi. 



Sp. Cassicus cristatus Cuv., Oriolus cristatus GMEL., BUFF. PL enl. 344, 

 LESS. Ornith. PI. 63, fig. I ; Cassicus bifasciatus SPIX, Cassicus monte- 

 zuma LESS., Cent. Zool. PI. 7 ; Cassicus icteronotus VIEILL., Oriolus 

 persicus L., BUFF. PI. enl. 184. In all these species the general colour is 

 black, contrasted with bright yellow, especially towards the tail. Black, 

 with the back deep red posteriorly, is Cassicus hcemorrhous, Oriolus hcemor- 

 rhous L., BUFF. PI. enl. 482, Cuv., R. Ani., fd. ill., Ois. PL 37, fig. i. 

 LINNAEUS referred the species known to him to the genns Oriolus. They 

 are all from South America. 



Icterus Cuv. (Oriolus ILLIG., add Xanthornus Cuv.) Bill 

 of various length, acuminate, with culmen produced into a narrow 

 angle above the plumes of forehead. Nostrils basal, oval, covered 

 by membrane. Wings with second, third and fourth quills sub- 

 equal, third mostly longest of all. Tail rounded or graduated, 

 somewhat long. 



a) With bill straight. Icterus Cuv. (add Yphantes VIEILL.) 



Sp. Icterus vulgaris DAUD., Oriolus Icterus L., BUFF, PI. enl. 532; le 

 troupiale; back and belly yellow, head, neck, breast and tail black, with 

 white spots on the wings; in South America, and occasionally in the 

 southern countries of North America. 



b) With bill curved. Xanthornus Cuv. (and Pendulinus VIEILL.) 



Sp. Icterus bonana DAUD., Oriolus bonana L., BUFF, PI. enl. 535, fig. r, 

 &c. 



Chalcophanes WAGL., (Quiscalus VIEILL.). Bill moderate, 

 curved, acute at the tip, with culmen rounded and produced some- 

 what amongst the plumes of the forehead. Nostrils basal, placed 

 in a fossa. Wings with nine primaries, second quill or second 

 and third longest of all. Tail long, cuneate, concave. 



Sp. Chalcophanes quiscula, Gracula quiscula L., Quiscalus versicolor VIEILL., 

 Gal. PI. 1 08, WILSON Amer. Ornith. PI. 21, fig. 4 (BUFF. PI. enl. 646 

 var.) ; Chalcophanes major, Quiscalus major BONAP. Continual, of WILSON 

 PI. 4, &c. Most of the species of this genus are North American. 



Scaphidurus SWAINS., Cassidix LESS. 

 Sp. Quiscalus ater VIEILL., GRAY Gen. of Birds, PL LXXXIV. &c. 

 Scolecophagus SWAINS. 



Lamprotorms TEMM. Bill mostly moderate (more rarely a 

 little longer than head), with culmen convex, keeled, produced 

 between the plumes of forehead, with tip compressed, emarginate. 



