498 CLASS XVT. 



Corythus Guv. (in part), Strobilophayus VIEILL. Lower mandible 

 gibbous beneath, with tip concealed under the upper mandible. 

 Wings with second and third quills longest of all. 



Sp. Loxia enucleator L., BUFF. PL enl. 135, fig. i (scarcely worth to quote 

 fig.), NAUM. Taf. 112, BONAP. et SOHL. Monogr. PI. n, 12 (very good 

 figs.); the pine bull-finch, le durbec, der Hak&nyimpd, Fichtengimpel ; in the 

 forests of the high North in Europe and America ("victitans strobilis; dis- 

 seminator Pini." LINNAEUS). 



Psittacosis NITZSCH, CABAN., Psittacirostra TEMM. Bill short, 

 curved; upper mandible produced beyond the much shorter 

 lower, with tip bent downwards. Nostrils placed in the base of 

 bill, partly covered by plumed membrane. Tarsus longer than 

 middle toe. Wings with nine primaries, the second and third 

 subequal, third longest of all. Tail moderate, emarginate. 



Sp. Psittacopis icterocephala, Loxia psittacea LATH., TEMM. PL enl. 457; 

 from the Sandwich Islands. 



Paradoxornis GOULD. 



Sp. Paradoxornis fiavirostris GOULD; Parad. ruficeps; Parad. gularis 

 HORSF. See GRAY Gen. of Birds, PI. xciv. Birds from the East Indies, 

 with bill high, compressed, short. 



Pyrrhula BRISS., Cuv., TEMM. Bill short, broad at the base, 

 thick, with culmen rounded. Nostrils basal, small, covered by 

 bristles. Wings long, with nine primaries, the second and third 

 subequal, longest of all. Tail somewhat long, mostly even, 

 sometimes forked. Tarsi short. 



Sp. Pyrrhula vulgaris BRISS., Loxia pyrrhula L., PI. enl. 145, LESSON 

 Ornith. PI. 61, fig. i, NAUM. Taf. 114; the common bull-finch, le bouvreuil; 

 Europe, Siberia. In the north of Europe a larger species or variety also 

 occurs, Pyrrhula major BREHM, Pyrrhula coccinea SELYS-LONGCHAMPS, 

 which according to BR. is the proper Loxia pyrrhula L. In some species 

 the tail is forked. They belong to the sub-genus Carpodacus. Sp. Pyr- 

 rhula rosea TEMM., Fringilla rosea PALL. ; Pyrrh. erythrina TEMM., Loxia 

 erythrina PALL., both of which species are figured in NAUM. Taf. 113. 



Fringilla L. (excl. of some species). Bill conical or subulate, 

 with culmen substraight or little curved, mostly short, acuminate, 

 with tips of mandibles subequal, with margins straight. Wings 

 with nine primaries, the first four subequal, second or third longest 

 of all. Tarsus equalling or scarcely surpassing middle toe. Tail 

 even or subforficate. 



