AVES. 501 



105, the reed-bunting; on the back and wings brown, belly white; the 

 adult male has the head and the throat dark-black. Emberiza Jiortulana L., 

 BUFF. PL enl. 247, fig. i, NAUM. Taf. 103; the ortolan bunting, &c. 



b) With posterior claw surpassing haUux in length, somewhat straight. (Wings 

 with first three quitts subequal, fourth shorter.) 



PlectropJianes MEYER, BREHM. 



Sp. Emberiza nivalis L., BUFF. PL enL 497, fig. r, 511, fig. 2, NAUM. Taf. 



1 06, 107 ; the snoio-bunting ; Emberiza calcarata TEMM., Fringilla laponica 

 L., NAUM. Taf. 108, SELBY Linn. Trans. 1827, Tab. I. pp. 156 160, 

 GKABA in OKEN'S Isis, 1832, s. 18 (description of the nest and the eggs). 



.These birds make their nests in the north in fissures of rocks; in winter, 

 especially in severe frosts, they visit temperate countries, and feed on seeds 

 of plants and insects. Their plumage is very different at different periods 

 of their life, and, when adult, in their winter- and summer-dress ; hence the 

 first species appears under two different names in GMELIN. 



Note. Here are to be placed some genera of modern writers : 

 FringUlaria SWAINS., Gubematrix LESS. (Lophocorythus GRAY), <fcc. 



Cissopis YIEILL., Bethylus Cuv. Bill short, thick, with culmen 

 convex, tip hooked, inflected, compressed, emarginate ; lower 

 mandible rounded, inflated, with tip ascending. Nostrils basal, 

 lateral, oval. Wings short, with third, fourth and fifth quills 

 subequal, third longest of all. Tail graduated, elongate. (Is this 

 its place ?) 



Sp. Cissopis bicolor VIEILL., Lanius piscatorius LATH., VIEILL. Gal. des Ois. 

 PL 140, LESS. Ornith. PI. 46, fig. 2; South America. CUVIEB placed 

 this bird as a sub-genus with Lanius; according to GBAT and others it 

 ought to be arranged in the neighbourhood of Tanagra. 



Procnias HOFFMANSEGG, ILLIG., TEMM., Tersa VIEILL., GRAY. 

 Bill short, keeled, depressed at the base, broad, compressed at the 

 tip, subhooked, emarginate, with gape ample. Nostrils basal, 

 placed at the culmen of bill, margin ate. Tarsus equalling middle 

 toe. Wings with first three quills subequal, second and third 

 longest of all. Tail subemarginate, short. 



Sp. Procnias ventralis ILLIG., Ampelis tersa L., TEMM. PL col. PL 5, GUEB. 

 Iconogr., Ois. PL 8, fig. 6 (fig. of the bill) ; Brasil. 



Tanagra L. 1 , Thraupis BoiE. Bill short, subtrigonal at the 

 base, with culmen declivous towards the tip; upper mandible 



1 Tangara is a Brazilian name for some species of this genus. 



