520 CLASS XVI. 



membranous fossa in the base of bill. Short bristles along the 

 posterior margin of lower mandible. Wings with ten primaries, 

 second moderate, third, fourth and fifth subequal, fourth mostly 

 longest of all. Tarsus longer than middle toe, covered anteriorly 

 with a continuous horny scute. Tail moderate or somewhat long, 

 mostly even. 



Calliope GOULD (and Cyanecula BRISS.). Bill acuminate, some- 

 what straight, with tip curved. Wings moderate, with first quill 

 reaching nearly to the middle of second, third and fourth subequal, 

 longest of all. Tarsi elongate. Tail moderate, even or rounded. 



Sp. Luscinia cyanecula, Motacilla suecica L., BUFF. PL enl. 361, fig. 2, 610, 

 figs, i, 2, NAUM. Taf. 75, figs. 3 5 ; Luscinia calliope, Motacilla calliope 

 PALL., Accentor calliope TEMM., Diet. univ. d'Hist. nat., Ois. PI. 35, fig. i. 



Rubecula BRISS., BREHM, Dandalus BOIE. Bill acuminate, with 

 culmen subcurved, with tip acute, curved. Wings with first quill 

 produced to the middle of second, third quill not equalling the sixth, 

 fourth and fifth sub-equal, longest of all. Tail moderate, emar- 

 ginate. 



Sp. Luscinia rubecula, Motacilla rubecula L., BUFF. PL enl. 360, fig. i, 

 NAUM. Taf. 75, figs, r, 2 ; the red-breast. 



Ruticilla BREHM, Phcenicura SWAINS. Bill with culmen depressed 

 before nostrils, broad at the base at the sides of mouth. Wings 

 somewhat long, with first quill small, third, fourth and fifth sub- 

 equal, fourth longest of all. Tail longer, even. 



Sp. Luscinia phosnicurus, Motacilla phosnicurus L., BUFF. PL enl. 351, figs. 

 i, 2, NAUM. Taf. 79, figs, i, 2 ; the red-start. Luscinia tlihys, Motacilla 

 erythacus L. (and Motac. titys L., Syst. nat. ed. x?), NAUM. 1. 1. figs. 3, 4. 



Luscinia GRAY, Philomela BREHM. Bill with culmen subcurved, 

 rounded towards the tip. Wings moderate, with first quill very 

 short, narrow, third and fourth subequal, fifth much shorter than 

 these, third longest of all. Tail moderate, with sides rounded. 



Sp. Luscinia vulgaris nob., Motacilla luscinia L., BUFF. PI. enl. 615, fig. 2, 

 LESSON Omith. PL 69, fig. i, NAUM. Taf. 74, fig. 2 ; the nightingale, le 

 Rossignol, &c. ; back ruddy brown, breast ash-grey, belly whitish ; plumage 

 the same in the two sexes. This little bird feeds on insects, small worms, 

 &c. ; its beautiful, rich and clear song has gained from ancient times a 

 well-deserved celebrity. 



Sylvia LATH, (in part). Bill short, depressed at the base, with 

 culmen keeled, emarginate at the tip. Nostrils basal, placed in a 



