AVES. 551 



ed. ill., Ois. PI. 10, fig. 2 ; the golden eagle, Vaigle commun, Taigle royal t 

 der Stein-Adler; length to three feet, breadth seven feet; bill bluish- 

 black, cere and toes yellow, feathers brown, at the back of neck ruddy, 

 tail longer than the points of the wings. This species occurs in Europe, 

 North Asia and North America. 



Aquila impericdis, Falco imperialis BECHST., Aquila heliaca SAVIGNY, 

 TEMM. PL col. 151, 152, NAUM. Taf. 6, 7, SUSEM. Tog. Eur. 44, 45; in 

 this species the points of the wings extend beyond the tail ; it is found on 

 wooded mountains of Germany, but chiefly in Hungary and Dalmatia, and 

 also in Egypt. 



Sub-gen. Onychaetus KAUP. Outer toe abbreviate ; inner equal to middle, 

 with claw long, somewhat straight. Sp. Aquila malayensis TEMM. PI. col. 

 117, Java, Sumatra. 



Haliaetus SAVIGNY. Tarsi plumed below the 'heel, with the 

 lower part covered in front with transverse scutella, as are the toes 

 also. Toes reticulate at the base alone, the outer not conjoined by 

 membrane. (Other characters almost of the preceding genus.) 



Sp. Haliaetus ossifragus, Falco ossifragus L., and Vultur albiciUa L., BUFF. 

 PI. enl. 112, 415, NAUM. Taf. 12, 13, LESSON Ornith. PL 8, fig. 2; the 

 osprey, Vorfraye, le pygargue, der See-Adler; bill in the young bird 

 black, in the adult light yellow, toes yellow; adult brownish grey, head 

 and neck with a lighter tint, tail white ; the young spotted brown ; length 

 i\ feet, breadth from tip to tip of wings 7 feet; in the whole North of 

 Europe, visits our coasts especially in winter, and in hard weather goes 

 deeper inland, feeds on fish, also on small mammals, hares, &c. Haliaetus 

 vocifer, Falco vocifer DAUD., DESMUBS PL peint. 8, South Africa, &c. 



Thalassaetus KAUP. Nostrils narrow. Tarsi strong, thick, reticulate, 

 scutellate above the toes. 



Sp. Haliaetus pelagicus, Aquila pelagica PALL., Zoogr. Rosso- asiat. Fasc. 3, 

 PL col. 489. 



Helotarsus SMITH, Theratopius LESS. 



Sp. Helotarsus ecaudatus, Falco ecaudatus VIEILL. (Only a single species is 

 known hitherto, from Africa. Tail very short. Tarsi reticulate, with 

 oval, irregular, protuberant scales. Genus intermediate between Circaetus 

 and Haliaetus.) 



Pandwn SAVIGNY. Bill shorter than head, curved, with tip 

 produced, hooked, with margin sinuate. Nostrils inclined, nearly 

 transverse. Wings long, produced nearly to the end of tail, with 

 second and third quills longest of all. Tail moderate, subeven. 

 Tarsi reticulate. Outer toe versatile. Claws curved, large, nearly 

 semicircular, rounded below, not grooved. 



Sp. Pandion haliaetus, Falco haliaetus L., BBISS. Ornith. I. PI. 34, BUFF. 

 PI. enl. 414, NAUM. Taf. 16, SUSEM. Vog. Eur. Taf. 24; the laid buzzard, 



