MAMMALS. 579 



In the kangaroos the stomach is elongate, provided with cellular 

 or sacciform dilatations, and resembles a part of the large intestine 1 . 

 Also in Pteropus amongst the bats, and Semnopithecus amongst the 

 monkeys, the stomach is intestine-like in form; in the last genus 

 the cardiac portion has a smooth surface internally, and is divided 

 by a remarkable dilatation from the second division formed of a 

 double row of sacs ; the third or pyloric portion is elongate and has 

 also some dilatations less perfectly distinct, but at the extremity be- 

 comes of a more simple structure 2 . In the sloth and the carnivorous 

 cetaceans also the stomach is composed of different divisions. But 

 in the ruminants especially does the compound stomach deserve a 

 particular notice. The first stomach, which is named the paunch 

 (rumen, magnus venter, Vherbier, der Panzeri), lies on the left side, 

 terminates in two blind sacs, is very large, and on the inner surface 

 is beset with a quantity of hard, sometimes almost horny papillae. 

 The second stomach, the hood or honey-comb bag (reticulum, le bonnet^ 

 die Haube, der Netzmagen), is much smaller, lies on the right side 

 of the preceding, has a round form and is covered reticulately on 

 the' inner surface with four, five, and six-sided deep cells, and on 

 the entire surface furnished with small papillae which on the margins 

 of the cells present the appearance of small teeth. Between these two 

 stomachs the opening of the oesophagus is situated. On the right 

 side of the second stomach lies the third which communicates with 

 it by a narrow aperture, and which is named the manyplies or 

 psalterium (echinus, omasum, lefeuillet, der Blatter-magen, Psalter}. 

 It is elongate and beset on the inside by many broad, longitudinal 

 folds, which arise from the interior like the leaves of a book, whilst 

 , others less prominent alternate with the larger folds 3 . This third 

 i stomach communicates by a very wide opening with the fourth 

 (the red, abomasum, la caillette, der Labmagen), which is of consi- 

 derable size, and becomes narrower towards the duodenum; its 

 form has some resemblance to that of the human stomach; it is 



1 HOME 1. 1. Tab. XiX; CAETJS 1. 1. Tab. vm. fig. x. 



2 This arrangement of the stomach was first described by OTTO in Semnopithecug 



ns, afterwards by OWEN in S. entellus and S. fascicularis, Transact, of the 

 Zool. Soc. l. pp. 6570, PI. 8, 9. 



3 See this figured by BERTHOLD in his eitrage ziir Anatomic, Zootomie u. Physio- 

 loffie, Gbttingen, 1831, 8vo, Tab. IX. fig. 6. VINE found 96 folds in the ox, of which 

 ?4 were larger, 24 of middle size, and 48 small; Lessen over de Veepeet, bl. 18, 19. 



372 



