

MAMMALIA. 659 



destitute of horns (see Menag. du Mus. I. pp. -235 255, 11. pp. 218 223, 

 Cuv. R. Ani., ed. ill., Mammif. PL 94, fig. i, V. PABST, PI. 2, s. 21). 

 This variety is met with in Arabia, Persia, the continent of India and 

 some parts of Africa. The cattle of the Dutch East-Indian colonists are 

 for the most part of this race, partly from crosses of this with the Sunda 

 ox, Bos sondaicm S. MUELLER Verh. over de not. Geschiedenis der Nederl. 

 Overzeescke Bezittingen, Mamm. PL 35 39 ; with the Javanese Bantang. 

 On the continent of India (and, in former times at least, also in Ceylon) is a 

 different species, BGS frontalis LAMBERT, Bos gavaus, Bos gaurus, SMITH. 



To the same division of this genus belongs also a species occurring in 

 diluvial deposits, from which, according to the opinion of CUVIER, our ox 

 has descended. See Ann. du Mus. xn. p. 333 et suiv. This, however, is 

 not beyond doubt ; but that those remains belong to a species (Bos primi- 

 genius BOJAN.), which lived contemporaneously with man, has been asserted 

 by NiLSON, and there is all probability that this was not different from 

 Bos urus, which was formerly dispersed through the forests of Germany 

 and which was recorded by CjESAR. 



In the Bisons the horns are situated in front of the sharp line which 

 divides the forehead from the descending part of the skull ; the forehead is 

 convex and broad, there are fourteen pairs of ribs, whilst Bos taurus has 

 only thirteen. Bos bison L., NILSON, Bos urus BOJAN. Compare BOJA- 

 NUS De uro nostrate ejmque sceleto commentatio, 1825, in Nov. Act. Acad, 

 Cces. Leop. Carol, xm. 2, pp. 414 478, Tab. 20, EICHWALD Natur- 

 histoi~ische Skizze von Lithauen, Volhynien und Podolien, Wilna, 1830, 4to, 

 pp. 241 253 (with figure opposite the title-page). This animal, formerly 

 dispersed throughout Germany, nay even in the South of Sweden, now 

 lives only in the marshy forest Bialowesha in Lithuania, and in the Cau- 

 casus. (EICHWALD Fauna Caspio- Caucasia, 1841, pp. 40, 41). That Bos 

 americanus GMEL., (Cuv. R. Ani., ed. ill., Mammif. PL 94, fig. 2) differs 

 from it only slightly, is generally admitted, and whether there be sufficient 

 ground for the adoption of a specific difference is doubted by some; G. 

 JJEGER Wurteml. naturwissenschaftlic/ie Jakreshefte, in. 1847, p. 176, X. 

 1854, pp. 204209. 



Bos lubalis L., BUFF. xi. PL 25, SCHREB. Saugih. Taf. 300 A, GUERIN 

 Iconogr., Mammif. PL 45, fig. 3, BRANDT u. RATZEB. Mediz. Zool. i. Tab. 

 X. the buffalo ; the horns are directed outwards and with a longitudinal 

 projecting line. This species is originally from India, and was brought 

 into Italy in the seventh century. The buffalo is peculiarly adapted for 

 draught ; its skin is highly valued, but its flesh is much inferior to that of 

 the ox. In India there lives a variety of this species with very large horns, 

 known by the name of Bos ami; see the head figured in BLUMENBACH 

 Abbildungen naturhist. Gegenst. No. 63. At Java and others of the Sunda 

 Islands the buffalo does not occur wild, but has returned to the wild state, 

 and was perhaps introduced there with the cultivation of rice. It is the 

 Karbau of the Malays ; see S. MUELLER Verhandel. &c. op. cit. PL 40. 



Bos coffer SPARRM., GM., SCHREB. Saugih. Tab. 301 ; the horns, placed 

 close together at the base, are very broad, rough and sinuously ringed ; the 

 tip curved upwards and in wards is smooth; this species lives to the east of 

 the Cape colony and in Mosambique. 



422 



