712 CLASS XVII. 



b) Lupus. Pupil rounded. Tail somewhat short, clothed with short hair. 

 Sp. Canis Lupus L., BUFF. vn. PI. i, SCHBEB. Saugth. Tab. 88, Cuv. 

 R. Ani., e"d. ill., Mammif. PI. 36, fig. 3 ; the wolf; commonly yellowish 

 grey, below dirty yellowish-white ; attains a length of 4 feet to the base of 

 the tail, whilst the tail, which is carried nearly straight and hanging 

 downwards, is i' 4" long. This species lives especially in forests, and 

 occurs in nearly the whole of Europe, and is numerous, particularly 

 in Norway and Sweden, in the north of Africa, in North Asia and 

 North America. A black variety is described as Canis Lycaon SCHREB., 

 ERXLEB. ; fig. in BUFF. ix. PI. 41. 



Canis aureus L., SCHREB. Saugth. Tab. 94, TILESIUS 1. 1. Tab. 48 ; the 

 jackal, chakal, goudwolf; ruddy grey, on the back darker or blackish, the 

 throat whitish ; smaller than the wolf. This species lives in Asia, in the 

 Caucasus and in Tartary, in Europe, in Dalmatia and the Morea, in North 

 Africa. PALLAS regards this species as the ancestor of the domestic dog 1 . 



Canis familiaris L. a ; the dog; the tail curled upwards (cauda recurvata). 

 This well-known domestic animal, of which there are many varieties, has 

 followed man throughout the world. The dog grows for 2 years, lives 15, 

 at most 20 years ; the period of gestation is 9 weeks ; the young are born 

 blind. To which species the original ancestors of the dog belonged is 

 unknown, and on a subject, as to which so little can be determined with 

 certainty, the opinions are very divergent. The most original races of 

 dogs resemble the wolf and have straight ears. It is possible that wolves 

 and jackals may have contributed to produce the numerous canine races 

 now in being. It is probable, nevertheless, that one or more original races 

 existed which attached themselves to man and remained with him as faith- 

 ful followers, and that from these the very different races derived their 

 origin. NILSSON Skand. Fauna, I. p. 242. 



There is a species of dog with fore feet having only 4 toes, which is 

 yellow with black and white spots, and which in the long, wide ears has 

 some resemblance to a ffycena, for which it was at first taken. The teeth, 

 however, plainly indicate that this animal belongs to the canine genus. 

 Canis pictus DESMAR., RUEPPELL Zool. Ail. Tab. 12, Cov. R. Ani., ed. itt. t 

 Mammif. PI. 37, fig. 2 ; it is met with in S. Africa and Kordofan. 



Icticyon LUND, Cynalicus GRAY. Molar teeth ^ , with a 

 single tuberculate tooth on each side above and below. 



Sp. Icticyon venaticus LUND, DansTce vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl. xi. 1845, 

 pp. 6 1 72, Tab. 41. On the genus Icticyon of LUND see Natuur-en 

 Wiskund. Verh. der koninkl. Akad. van Wetenschappen, in. 1855, with fig. 

 of the skull. 



Family XXXVI. Mustelina. Molar teeth four or five on 

 each side in upper jaw, five, or more rarely six, in lower jaw. 



1 HUNTER even supposed that the wolf, jackal and dog, form only one species, 

 Phil. Transact. 1787, p. 253, 1789, p. 160. 



3 See the enumeration of the races of this in ERXLEBEN and GMELIN Syst. not. ed. 

 xiii. i. pp. 66 69. 



