THE COMMON THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. 55 



Siam and China, in the Malay peninsula and Java, and probably in 

 Sumatra and Borneo. 



This Woodpecker affects alike dense forest and clearings, and there are 

 few places where I have not observed it. 



Genus TIGA, Kaup. 



448. TIGA JAVANENSIS. 

 THE COMMON THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. 



Picus javanensis, Ljungh, Act. Stockh. xviii. p. 134, t. 6; Sundev. Consp. Av. Pic. 

 p. 83. Picus tiga, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 177. Picus shorei, 

 Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 175 ; Sundev. t. c. p. 83. Tiga intermedia, Bl J. A. 

 S. B. xiv. p. 193. Brachypternopicus rubropygialis, Malh. Rev. Zool. 

 1845, p. 400. Chloropicoides tiga, Malh. Won. Pic. ii. p. 97, pi. Ixxxi. fig. 

 5-7. Chloropicoides intermedia, Malh. t. c. p. 99. Chloropicoides rubro- 

 pygialis, Malh. t. c. p. 100, pi. Ixx. fig. o. Chloropicoides shorei, Malh. t. c 

 p. 101, pi. Ixxi. fig. 1-4. Chrysonotus shorei, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 298. Chry- 

 sonotus intermedius, Jerd. if. c. p. 299. Chrysonotus rubropygialis, Jerd. 

 t. c. p. 299. Tiga javanensis, Salcad. Ucc. Born. p. 54 ; Bl. 8f Wald. B. Burm. 

 p. 75; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 288; Hume $ Dav. S. F. vi. p. 146; Hume, S. F. 

 viii. p. 88 ; Oates, S. F. viii. p. 165 ; Bingham, S. F. ix. p. 164. Tiga shorii, 

 Hume, S. F. iii. p. 73, Tiii. p. 88. Tiga intermedius, Hume, S. F. iii. p. 328 ; 

 Armstrong, S. F. iv. p. 311. Tiga rubropygialis, Hume, S. F. iv. p. 390, 

 viii. p. 88. Chrysonotus biddulphi, Tick., Wald. Ibis, 1876, p. 344 ; Hume, 

 S. F. v. p. 497. 



Description. Male. Forehead, crown, nape and occipital crest deep 

 crimson ; hind neck black ; back and scapulars golden yellow washed with 

 crimson ; rump bright crimson ; upper tail-coverts and tail black ; wing- 

 coverts and tertiaries golden yellow ; primary-coverts and primaries black, 

 the latter with white spots on the inner webs ; secondaries chiefly golden 

 yellow on the outer webs, black with white bars on the inner ; a band of 

 white from the eye expanding into a patch on the side of the neck ; a band 

 of black below this ; another band of white from the gape, followed by a 

 band of black from the base of the lower mandible ; the two black bands 

 just mentioned joining on the sides of the neck below the white patch ; 

 chin white ; throat white, with a mesial black line running down the fore 

 neck ; both chin and throat frequently strongly tinged with fulvous ; lower 

 plumage fulvous -white, each feather margined with black ; under wing- 

 coverts white barred with black. 



The female differs in having the forehead, crown, nape and occipital 



