THE MALAYAN FISH-OWL. 149 



the lower back and rump with narrow shaft-lines ; lower plumage fulvous, 

 each feather with a rather broad black shaft-line, and the whole closely 

 cross-barred with fulvous-brown ; a large patch of white on the throat ; 

 ear-tufts and ear-coverts buffy brown streaked with black ; tail brown, 

 with a few pale fulvous bands ; quills brown, banded and mottled with 

 fulvous. 



Cere pale dusky green ; bill dusky yellow-green, dark brown on the 

 culmen ; iris bright yellow ; legs dusky yellow, turning darker on the toes ; 

 claws horn-colour. 



Length 21 '5 inches, tail 8'5, wing 16, tarsus 2'7, bill from gape 2, cere 

 73. The above are the measurements of a fine female shot at Thayetmyo ; 

 the male is rather smaller. 



The Owls of this genus are of very large size, and may be recognized by 

 their naked tarsi and toes. The species of both Ketupa and the next genus 

 Bubo are furnished with large ear-tufts. 



The Brown Fish-Owl is common in most parts of the Province, from one 

 end to the other, both in the hills and plains. 



This Owl has a wide range, extending from China to Palestine. It is 

 common in Cochin China, but it does not appear to be found in the Malay 

 peninsula ; it occurs all over India and in Ceylon. 



It frequents well- wooded watered tracts, and feeds on fish and crabs. 

 During the day it rests in mango and other trees which have dense foliage. 

 Its cry resembles the word " tee- dote" by which name the Burmese know 

 it, but they also apply the term to all the large horned Owls. I found a 

 nest containing two young birds in March ; it was placed in the fork of 

 a large peepul tree only a few feet from the ground. The eggs of this 

 Owl are white, as indeed are those of all the Owls. 



530. KETUPA JAVANENSIS. 

 THE MALAYAN FISH-OWL. 



Ketupa javanensis, Less. Traite, p. 114 ; Hume, Rough Notes, ii. p. 384 ; Salvad. 

 Ucc. Born. p. 20 ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. Mus. ii. p. 8 ; Bl B. Burm. p. 66 ; 

 Armstrong, S. F. iv. p. 300; Hume $ Dav. S. F. vi. p. 83 ; Hume, S. F. viii. 

 p. 83 ; Binyham, S. F. ix. pp. 146, 471 ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 369. 



Description. Male and female. Similar to K. ceylonensis, but smaller 

 and differing in the following particulars : The whole plumage is deep 

 fulvous both above and below, and there are no transverse striae on the 

 lower plumage ; the black streaks on the upper plumage are broader and 



