20 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



species as having a white band on the fore-wings like Limnas 

 chrysippus, a character not found in any American Butterfly of 

 this group. 



GENUS TIRUMALA. 



Tirumala, Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, i., p. 4 (1880); id., Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 230. 



TIRUMALA LIMNIACE. 



(Plate K, Fig. 2.) 

 Papilio limniac&i Cramer, Pap. Exot., i , pj. 58, figs. D., E. 



(1775). f 

 Danais limniace^ Godart, Encycl. Me'th., ix., p. 191, no. 49 (1819) j 



Marsh, and De NiceV., Butterflies Ind., i., p. 4, pi. i, fig. 3 



(1882); Staud., Exot. Schmett, i., p. 49, pi. 24 (1885). 

 Tirumala limniaca, Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, i., p. 4, pi. i, fig. 3 



(1880). 

 Tirumala limniacc, Moore, Lepid. Ind., i., p. 30, pi. 6, figs, i, 



la, ib (1890 : transf.). 



We have figured this common East Indian a::d African insect 

 as the representative of an extensive group of species (formerly 

 placed in the genus Danaus^ but now divided into several 

 genera), which are of a brown colour, streaked and spotted with 

 green or blue. A nearly allied species to T. limniace is the Aus- 

 tralian Butterfly, T. hamata (Macleay), to which some authors 

 have erroneously applied the accounts given by travellers re- 

 specting the Bugong Moths. The Bugong Moth, however, of 

 which the Australians make cakes, is a true Moth (Agrotis sfilna, 

 Guenee), and has nothing to do with T. hamata. The larva of 

 T. limniace is yellowish-white, or yellowish-green, with a 

 yellow band on the sides, and two pairs of fleshy filaments, 

 streaked with black and greenish-white ; a long pair on the 



