JUNONIA. IOT 



hibits some very curious aberrations, one of which is figured 

 on p. 99. 



GENUS JUNONIA. 



Junonia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 34 (1816); Doubl., 

 Gen. Diurn. Lepid., p. 206 (1849) ; Schatz, Exot. Sclimett, 

 ii., p. 125 (1887). 



The genus Junonia and its allies are the tropical representa- 

 tives of our Vanessa, from which they differ by their naked 

 eyes. But they can hardly be said to surpass our Vanessa 

 either in size or beauty, for though their colours are more 

 sharply contrasted, the shading is not so soft, nor the colour so 

 harmoniously arranged as in V. io, for example. 



In Junonia the wings are more or less dentated, the fore- 

 wings broad, triangular, not much longer than the hind-wings, 

 and the hind-margin generally more or less concave. The 

 hind-wings are regularly rounded, rather long, and often 

 slightly produced at the anal angle, though not to anything 

 like the same extent as in Precis (Hiibner), in which the anal 

 angle is often lengthened out into a short pointed tail. 



The typical genus Junonia occurs in all the warmer parts of 

 the Old World (Eastern and Southern Asia as far west as 

 Asia Minor), and is also represented in various parts of 

 North and South America ; but the greater number of species 

 are met with in the East Indies ; and there are several species 

 closely allied to the Indian ones in Africa. They are generally 

 brown, banded or spotted with buff or tawny, and often with a 

 large blue patch, or band, on the hind-wings. Two of the 

 Indian species, J. almana (Linn.) and J. asterie (Linn.), are 

 tawny, with at least one very large eye-spot on each wing ; but, 

 in many species, the eye-spots are rather small. 



The larvae are set with branching spines, as in Vanessa* 



