PRECIS. 103 



slight projection above the hinder angle; in some species, 

 however, as in the bright blue Precis rhadama (Boisduval), 

 from Madagascar, the hind-margin is hardly concave. The hind 

 wings are denticulated, and the anal angle is generally produced 

 into a point, and sometimes into a short tail, and there is 

 frequently a more or less strongly pronounced angular projec- 

 tion in the middle of the hind-margin. These are Butterflies of 

 moderate size, usually measuring about two inches or more 

 across the wings, and are generally brown, with tawny bands, 

 or with the tawny colour spread over most of the wing ; 

 while P. amestris (Drury) and its allies are blue, with a sub- 

 marginal row of red spots. Sometimes there are one or more 

 distinctly-marked eyes towards the anal angle of the hind- 

 wings. 



Their habits resemble those of Vanessa. 



Salamis, Boisduval, is another African genus closely allied 

 to Precis, but considerably larger, measuring three or four inches 

 across the fore-wings, which are always sub-falcate below the 

 tip, and then strongly concave ; the hind-wings are strongly 

 angulated or sub-caudate at or below the middle of the hind- 

 margin. There are also conspicuous sub-marginal eyes on the 

 under surface of the wings, represented above by brown spots, 

 but the one at the anal angle is well marked on both sides of the 

 wings. The most characteristic species of the group are those 

 allied to S. anacardii (Linn.), several of which are common in 

 Africa and Madagascar. They are white or pearly- white, often 

 more or less suffused with a pinkish iridescence, and with more 

 or less broad brown borders and brown sub-marginal spots. 

 Other species are blue. 



Indian and Austro- Malay an Regions. 



Precis is represented by several species in these countries. 

 They are generally brown, with darker transverse lines, and 

 some of them are ornamented with a sub-marginal row of 



M 



