132 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY 



species are not very numerous, but they are extremely abun- 

 dant in Southern and Central America, to which regions they 

 are confined. They are all of a blue or dark brown colour 

 above, with white, brown, or blue spots, and markings, and often 

 with a white bar across the fore-wings, especially in the females. 

 The hind-wings are sometimes marked with a row of rather 

 large, but not very sharply defined, sub-marginal eyes. The 

 under surface is in some species brown, with red spots ; in 

 others, the fore-wings are marked beneath with black, white, 

 and grey in varying proportions, and the hind-wings are 

 white, red, or yellow, the borders being often varied with 

 black and white. Only one species, A. chloe (Stoll),* is 

 noticed by Bates as found in the shades of the forest ; the 

 others frequent " orange orchards, and open sunny places in 

 the forest, settling on trunks Of trees with wings expanded, and 

 when sporting or quarrelling with a companion, make a sharp 

 cracking noise with their wings." (Bates?) The peculiar stridu- 

 lation of these Butterflies was first noticed by Darwin at Rio 

 Janeiro, and recorded by him in the "Voyage of the Beagle." 



AGERONIA ARETHUSA. 



(Plate XXII., Fig. I. Female.'] 



Papilio arethusa, Cramer, Pap. Exot, i., pi. 77, figs. E. F. 



(1775). 

 $ Papilio laodamia, Cramer, op. at., ii., pi., 130, fig. A. (1777). 



This species is common in many parts of Central and 

 Southern America. Cramer received both sexes from Surinam, 

 but they differ so much, that he naturally supposed them to be 

 different species. His figure of the female is here copied. The 



* This is the type of the genus ; it is dark blue, with red spots in the cells 

 of the wings, and numerous black ones beyond ; there is an incomplete 

 sub-marginal row of black eyes with white pupils, and there are some 

 whitish spots towards the tip of the fore-wings. 



