i4 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



The back is armed with four long spines, the last of which 

 placed on the eleventh segment, is curved backwards, and very 

 similar to the horns with which most of the caterpillars of the 

 Sphinges are provided. The intermediate and posterior legs 

 are yellow. It feeds on the leaves of the cashew-tree (Ana- 

 cardium occidentale), and transforms into a perpendicular chry- 

 salis of a yellow colour, spotted with black, garnished with 

 black spines on the head, thorax, and back. When the But- 

 terfly is about to appear, the yellow colour changes into white." 

 "A common insect in Tropical America, in open sunny 

 places, gardens, plantations, and banks of streams ; settling on 

 flowers, and on the ground in moist situations." (Bates.) 



OLD WORLD GENERA ALLIED TO MARPESIA. 



The genus Cyrestis, Boisduval, is the Old World represen- 

 tative of Timetes ; but it includes much more delicately formed 

 species, with shorter tails, and generally with a strongly marked 

 lobe at the anal angle of the hind-wings. The species are 

 generally white, with or without darker borders, and marked 

 with slender transverse lines of black, or pale yellow; some 

 species are brown, with a transverse white band, and others 

 are yellow instead of white. They have a stronger flight than 

 might be expected from their weak conformation, and are in 

 the habit of settling on the under side of leaves. The species 

 measure from two to three inches across the wings, and in- 

 habit India and the Malayan islands as far as New Guinea. 

 One or two white species are found in West Africa and 

 Madagascar. 



In typical Cyrestis the first and second sub-costal nervulcs of 

 the fore-wings are emitted before the end of the cell, but Dis- 

 tant has separated two or three of the smaller species formerly 

 included in the genus, in which only the first sub-costal nervule 

 is emitted before the end of the cell under a distinct genus, Cher- 



