212 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



has generally two white pupils, is placed. On the hind-wings 

 there are generally two eyes on the upper side instead of three. 

 Allied species are met with throughout Northern and Central 

 Asia, and southwards as far as the Himalayas. 



III. MYCALESIS GROUP. 



In this group, Schatz and Rober include Mycalesis, Hiibner, 

 Bicydus, Kirby, and Ragadia, Westwood. Bicyclus is West 

 African, and includes a few species, resembling large species of 

 Mycalesis, with short, broad, much rounded wings. Ragadia is 

 an East Indian genus, containing species under two inches in 

 expanse, which are brown, striped with grey, or with darker 

 brown, and with large sub-marginal eyes beneath, with silvery 

 pupils. 



GENUS MYCALESIS. 



Mycalesis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 54 (1816); West- 

 wood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid., p. 392 (1851); Schatz, Exot. 

 Schmett., ii., p. 203 (1889). 



The genus Mycalesis is confined to the tropics of the Old 

 World, and is very numerous in species. It includes brown 

 Butterflies, averaging about two inches across the wings ; and 

 many of the species are more or less tawny or white, especially 

 at the base, but sometimes towards the margins ; or the whole 

 of the wings may be white or tawny, except the borders. They 

 may easily be known from any other Butterflies by almost in- 

 variably possessing a large black eye in a white or yellow ring, 

 and with a single white pupil, towards the hinder angle of the 

 fore-wings, and usually two or three smaller ones towards the 

 anal angle of the hind-wings. The nervures of the fore-wings 

 are thickened at the base; and there is generally a sub-marginal 

 row of eyes on all the wings beneath. The males are generally 

 provided with glandular pouches, covered with tufts of hair, 



