I4 6 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



larvae have been said to differ, that of P. brassier is known to 

 be variable, and therefore too much importance cannot be 

 attached to this statement, even if correct. The perfect insect 

 is generally rather smaller than typical P. brassicce, measuring 

 from 2 to 2J/2 inches across the wings; it is similarly marked, 

 but the apical patch on the fore-wings is of a light brown, 

 approaching to ash-colour, especially in the female, and the 

 inner edge of the patch is not indented, but regularly concave ; 

 the fringe is yellowish-white. On the under side the tips of 

 the fore-wings are clear yellow, and the hind-wings are deep 

 yellow, very thickly dusted with black. 



THE SMALL WHITE CABBAGE BUTTERFLY. PIERIS 



(Plate LI I. Fig. 3.) 



Papilio rapce, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i. p. 488, no. 59 (1758); 

 id. Faun. Suec. p. 270 (1761); Esper, Schmett. i. (i) p. 

 55, pi. 3, fig. 2 (1777) : Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 

 404, 405 (1803?) 



PierisrapcR) Godart, Enc. Me'th. ix. p. 161, no. 144 (1819); 

 Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lepid. i. p. 520, no. 120 (1836); New- 

 man, Brit. Butterflies, p. 161 (1881); Kirby, Eur. Butter- 

 flies and Moths, p. 8, pi. 4, figs. 4*7, b (1878); Lang, 

 Butterflies Eur. p. 30, pi. 6, fig. 4, pi. 15, fig. 3 (1881); 

 Barrett, Lepid. Brit. Isl. i. p. 22, pi. 2, 2a-e (1892); 

 Buckler, Larvae of Brit. Lepid. i. pp. 19, 152, pi. 2, fig. 3 

 (1886); Rye, Brit. Macro-Lepid. i. p. 12, pi ii. figs. 5-6 

 (1895). 

 Pontia rapes, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. i. p. 1 8 (1827). 



This species, like P. brassic^ is found throughout the Palae- 

 arctic Region, and is frequently very destructive, although the 

 eggs are laid singly and not gregariously. It is probably the 

 most abundant of all our Butterflies, and frequents fields and 

 gardens. In Southern Europe, and in Northern and Western 



