214 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



may occur together at the limits of their respective ranges, in 

 East Central Africa. E. electra is a more reddish insect than 

 E. hyale, with a strong pink lustre in certain lights; and Mr. 

 Trimen states that the larva is more distinctly striped with dark 

 and light green, and has no orange spots on the white lateral 

 line. 



E. hyak is chiefly found in clover fields and along railway 

 banks ; and we have already spoken of its extremely rapid 

 flight. 



The confusion in the names of our two well-known species 

 of Clouded Yellow is much to be regretted. When Fabricius 

 discriminated between these and E. palano (Linnaeus), he 

 applied the Linnean name hyale to the wrong species, using 

 edusa (a discarded synonym of his own for Pontia daplidice) 

 in its place. But even if the Clouded Yellow were not the true 

 E. hyak (Linn.), Fourcroy's name of croceus would have to be 

 adopted instead of the later edusa, Fabr. The original Linnean 

 description of C. hyale runs as follows : 



" P.D. alis integerrimis rotundatis flavis ; posticis macula 

 fulva, subtus puncto sesquiahero argenteo " (" Hab. in Europci, 

 Africa "). 



It is clear from the last locality, that Linnaeus confounded 

 E. electra with it, though he afterwards separated the latter as a 

 distinct species, calling it "fulvous," not yellow, which the much 

 deeper colour of E. electra will readily account for. E, electra is, 

 however, so like our Clouded Yellow, that some authors have 

 been inclined to regard it as the same species as E. hyak. 



Both our Clouded Yellows are very rare in Scandinavia, 

 where E. palceno, Linnaeus, a sulphur-yellow or greenish-yellow 

 Butterfly with moderately broad black borders, and other 

 species of the genus occur ; but Linnaeus includes E. hyak in 

 his " Fauna Suecica," and describes it as follows : 



" Similimus Pal&noni^ sed Alae magis flavse. Alae primores 



