236 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



SUB-FAMILY PARNASSIIN^. 



Palpi moderately long, not extending beyond the head ; 

 wings rounded, white or yellow, often with red spots ; fore- 

 wings with the sub-costal nervure four or five-branched, with 

 no transverse nervule connecting the median and sub-median 

 nervures at the base ; hind-wings with no transverse nervule 

 connecting the costal and sub-costal nervures. These Butterflies 

 frequent mountains and steppes ; the pubescent larvae feed on 

 saxifrages and similar plants, and the pupa is enclosed in a 

 rough cocoon on the surface of the ground, or is subterranean. 

 Several authors have remarked on the Moth-like characteristics 

 of this group of Butterflies. 



GENUS PARNASSIUS. 



Parnassius, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. xiv. p. no (1805); 



id. Enc. Meth. ix. pp. 9, 79 (1819); Boisduval, Spec. Gen. 



Lepid. i. p. 394 (1836); Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lepid. i. p. 



26 (1847); Elwes, P. Z. S. 1886, pp. 6-53, pis. i.-iv. ; 



Schatz, Exot. Schmett. ii. p. 48 (1886). 

 Body hairy ; antennae short ; club variable in form ; wings 

 rounded, often semi-transparent towards the tips, from the 

 presence of hair-like scales ; fore-wings with the sub-costal 

 nervure four-branched, the upper radial nervule rising con- 

 siderably beyond the cell; hind-wings with the inner-margin 

 considerably concave. Female with a horny pouch at the ex- 

 tremity of the abdomen. 



THE APOLLO BUTTERFLY. PARNASSIUS APOLLO. 



(Plate LXIL Fig. i.) 



Papilio apollo, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i. p. 461, no. 41 

 (1758); id. Faun. Suec. p. 268 (1761); Esper, Schmett. 

 i. (i) p. 41, pi. 2, fig. i (1777); Hiibner, Eur. Schmett 

 i. figs. 396, 397 (1803?), figs. 730, 731 (1818?) 



